解读“物”社会功能的实然逻辑与应然逻辑——鲍德里亚《符号政治经济学批判》“符号—物社会功能”的伦理透视  

An Interpretation of Real Logic & Natural Logic of Social Function of“Object”——An Ethical Perspective of Jean Baudrillard’s“Social Function of Sign-Object ”in For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign

作　　者：陈爱华[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院,江苏南京210018

出　　处：《南京政治学院学报》2013年第1期53-57,共5页Journal of PLA Nanjing Institute of Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"现代科技伦理的应然逻辑研究"(12BZX078);教育部人文社会科学基金项目"马克思科技伦理思想及其当代发展研究"(08JA720004);国家社会科学重大招标项目"现代伦理学诸理论形态研究"(10ZD&072);江苏省道德哲学与中国道德发展研究基地项目"高技术道德哲学研究"(2009-03-01);"科技;伦理与艺术"国家哲学社会科学创新基地研究项目"科学伦理研究"(2010-03-03)

摘　　要：《符号政治经济学批判》一书,是鲍德里亚早期学术理论建构中分量最重的论著之一,也是其"死亡三部曲"的第一步。这部书的第一章"符号—物的社会功能"是承上启下之作,即上承《物体系》和《消费社会》的相关概念和思想,下启的不仅包括这部著作——《符号政治经济学批判》自身,还包括《生产之镜》和《象征交换与死亡》。在"符号—物社会功能"中,他一方面通过揭示"物"在消费过程中蕴涵的双重逻辑——物物交换的实然逻辑及其中隐含的"一种象征性交换体系"的应然逻辑,试图超越"物"的实然逻辑——一种满足需求的功能——使用价值;另一方面,他通过揭示物的炫耀性消费和仿象功能,试图超越物的生产之实然逻辑。在此基础上,他对物的形式符码及其社会实践的阐述,开启了他构建符号批判理论的"工程"。这样,他就"以符号生产和抽象的差异性社会关系彻底取代了马克思所强调的前提性的社会物质生产结构",进而与马克思的历史唯物主义相背离。鲍德里亚没有从实体性的孤立个人主体出发,而是承袭了海德格尔式的关系本体论,触及欧洲当下现实社会生活中鲜活发生着的大量经济、社会、文化现象。由此,鲍德里亚"符号—物社会功能"理论逻辑的深刻性与局限性是显而易见的。他以人与人之间虚假的象征符码关联替代了物性功用存在之链,其对人类社会未来的展望则必然是悲观的。The book of For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign is one of the weightiest works in Jean Baudrillard＇ s ear- ly academic career and is also the first one in the＂ death trilogy＂. The first chapter of the book ＂social function of sign-object＂ serves as something related to the concepts and ideas in The System of Objects and The Consumer Society and also as something related to the ideas in For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign,The Mirror of Production and Symbolic Exchange and Death. In the chapter, he reveals, on the one hand, the dual logic implied in the process of the ＂object＂ consumption real logic of barter and natural logic of ＂a symbolic exchange system ＂. On the other hand, he tries to go beyond the real logic of production by revealing the conspicuous consumption of material and imitation function. On this basis, he starts to construct his own theoretical ＂project＂ of symbolic critique by expounding his formal object code and social practice, which certainly deviates from Marx＇ s historical materialism. The limitation of Baudrillard＇ s theory is obvious. He replaces the existence chain of physical properties with false symbolic code association between people. Therefore, he is pessimistic about the future of human society.

关 键 词：物 社会功能 仿象功能 形式符码 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]