油茶采前落果原因初步分析  

Preliminary analysis on the causes of pre-harvest fruit drop in Camellia oleifera

作　　者：舒金平[1] 滕莹[1] 刘剑[1] 张亚波[1] 王浩杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2013年第1期9-14,共6页China Plant Protection

基　　金：浙江省科技计划项目(2010C02005-3);林业公益性行业科研专项(201004008)

摘　　要：油茶采前落果是影响油茶产量的主要原因。作者对浙江及江西油茶采前落果情况进行了调查,并分析了造成落果的原因。结果表明,油茶采前平均落果率为27.37%,病虫害及机械损伤是造成油茶采前落果的主要原因。其中因病虫害造成的落果占90%以上。茶籽象(Curculio chinensis Chevrolat)、桃蛀螟(Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenee)、环茸毒蛾(Dasychira dudgeoni Swinhoe)及油茶炭疽病(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz)是造成油茶采前落果的主要病虫。其中最为严重的是茶籽象和油茶炭疽病,占全部落果的60%以上。油茶采前落果与油茶品种及种植年限密切相关。霜降籽油茶的落果率高于红花油茶;种植年限长的油茶林落果率高于种植年限短的油茶林。Fruit drop led to the yield loss of Camellia oleifera production, the main causes of yield losses were analyzed based on field investigation in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed that the fruit drop rate before harvest was 27.37%, and pest damage with drop-fruits rate of 90% and mechanical injury were the main factors. Curculio chinensis, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Dasychira dudgeoni and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were the predominant pests, and C. chinensis and C. gloeosporioides caused more than 60% of dropped fruits. The variety and age of C. oleifera affected the preharvest fruit drop. Fruit drop rate before harvest of C. oleifera var. Shuangjiangzi was higher than that of C. polyodonta, and the rate of C. oleifera forest with older ages was higher than that of the forest with younger ages.

关 键 词：油茶 采前落果 病虫害 茶籽象 油茶炭疽病 

分 类 号：S435.659[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]