膜下沟灌水氮耦合对温室番茄根系分布和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on root distribution and water use efficiency of tomato

作　　者：石小虎[1] 曹红霞[1] 杜太生[2] 牛云慧[1] 王雪梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第2期89-93,100,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201001061);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2012JM3004);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(QN2011022)

摘　　要：【目的】研究膜下沟灌水氮耦合对温室番茄根系分布和水分利用效率的影响,以获得较优的灌溉施氮模式。【方法】2011-09-2012-02在甘肃石羊河流域,以番茄品种"保罗塔"为供试材料,采用田间试验,设置1 485,2 080m3/hm2 2个灌水水平和225,410和630kg/hm2 3个施氮水平,进行完全随机区组设计,共6个处理,研究膜下沟灌水氮耦合对番茄根系分布和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】温室番茄根系主要集中在60cm以上的土层,随着土层深度的增加,根长密度呈指数下降;施氮过低或过高均可以导致番茄根系长度、产量和水分利用效率显著减小。在施氮量较低(225～410kg/hm2)时,随着灌水量的增加,番茄根系长度显著增加;当施氮量较高(630kg/hm2)时,番茄根系长度显著减小。当施氮量相同时,随着灌水量的增加,番茄产量显著增加,而水分利用效率显著降低。番茄产量与根系表面积呈显著正相关关系。【结论】在西北干旱地区,低水中氮(灌水量为1 485 m3/hm2、施氮量为410kg/hm2)处理为较理想的水氮耦合模式。[Objective] A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of water and nitrogen coupling at different levels on root distribution and water use efficiency in tomato under plastic mulching by furrow irrigation and get a better fertigation pattern of nitrogen fertilizer. [Method] The field trials were conducted from September 2011 to February 2012 in Shiyang River Basin,Gansu. Tomato ＂Paul Rota＂ was chosen as test cuttivar. The irrigation levels were 1 485 and 2 080 ma/hm^2 and the nitrogen levels were 225, 410 and 630 kg/hm^2. Irrigation levels and nitrogen levels were designed randomly. There were 6 treatments in total. [Result] Tomato roots mainly distributed at the depth of less than 60 cm of soil in greenhouse. With the increase of soil depth, the density of root length decreased exponentially. Less or more nitrogen fertilizer could significantly reduce the length and yield of tomato root and water use rates. When the nitro- gen levels were tow （225--410 kg/hm^2） ,the lengths of tomato roots were significantly promoted with the increase of irrigation amounts. When the amount of nitrogen was higher （630 kg/hm^2）, root lengths significantly reduced. The yield of tomato was dramatically promoted with the increase of irrigation. The yield of tomato and the superficial area of root were significant positive correlated. [Conclusion] In northwest arid regions,low water coupled with appropriate fertilizer （irrigation amount was 1 485 ma/hm^2 and nitrogen amount was 410 kg/hm^2） was ideal mode of water coupling nitrogen.

关 键 词：膜下沟灌 水氮耦合 水分利用效率 番茄 根系分布 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]