农业“去集体化”过程中的乡村治理与底层政治 对一段乡村历史的分层解读  

Rural Governance and Subaltern Politics in the Agricultural De-Collectivization Period: A Stratified Reading of a Piece of Village History

作　　者：李洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中华女子学院社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2013年第2期156-184,共29页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：本文采用底层史观的方法对中国农村去集体化进程进行了新的解读和分析。通过对江淮地区某村庄口述历史材料和文字档案材料的并置后发现,对这一事件的历史讲述存在不同层次的叙述文本。乡村共同体的隐藏文本揭示了集体化末期基层村庄的行动能力仍然是权宜而分散的,在很大程度上仍然仰仗外部局势的变化。然而在上层精英的叙述中,群众及其需要却被赋予附加的重要意义。进一步研究发现,主流历史的叙述方式与转型时期国家治理的合法性需要密切相关。This study employed the subaltern history method to rethink and analyze the de-collectivization process in the Chinese rural society. By integrating the oral historical materials and written archives about a village in the Jianghuai region, different narratives were found in this village at varying levels interpreting the same historical event of de-collectivization. One was the public transcript created by the elite of the state at the top level, which emphasized peasants and their actions as the driving force of the de-collectivization. The copy by the local cadres, to some extent, used and extended the discourse logic of the state governance. The peasants＇ public version got their own expectedpolitical ethics by deconstructing and reshaping the state ideology, and aimed at maximizing their benefits through catering to the needs of the state governance. Finally, in the private versions, the narratives of the peasants and local cadres subtly converged. Both showed that during the last period of collectivization, the action power of the village community was still temporary, diverged, and unstable, far from being a unified action body. To a large degree, it was contingent on the changes in the larger environment. Further examination revealed that it was out of the state＇s control need to maintain the continuity of the political reign by the state and the consistency of the governance image for a smooth transition of the land ownership system that the subjective consciousness and behavioral action of the peasants were placed at an essential position in the primary history narratives by the state.

关 键 词：村庄共同体 底层政治 权力治理 “群众路线” 分层的叙事 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] C912[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]