残疾运动员运动成就动机和身体自尊特点及其关系研究  

Study on Disabled Athletes' Sport Achievement Motivation and Physical Self-Perception Features and Their Correlation

作　　者：肖丽琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《体育科学》2013年第3期28-37,共10页China Sport Science

摘　　要：基于成就动机理论,对残疾运动员运动成就动机与身体自尊的特点及其关系进行探讨与分析,旨在验证残疾运动员运动成就动机对身体自尊提高的解释度。被试590名残疾运动员(男性377名,女性213名)完成了运动成就动机量表(AMS)、一般自尊量表、身体自尊量表(PSPP)问卷。研究结果表明,残疾运动员运动成就动机中,避免失败动机、成就动机和一般自尊、身体自尊各维度在不同残疾类型之间存在显著性差异,说明残疾运动员由于身体不同器官功能的失聪,其认知能力存在偏差。另外社会文化、传统观念、家庭环境等的差异,在避免失败动机和身体自尊各维度上,不同性别之间呈现显著性差异;在运动成就动机和一般自尊、身体自尊各维度(运动能力、身体状况、身体素质、身体自尊)上,不同婚姻状况之间存在显著性差异。进一步相关分析发现,残疾运动员运动成就动机可以促进身体自尊的提升,残疾运动员追求成功动机与成就动机、一般自尊、运动能力、身体状况、身体自尊存在显著性正相关;避免失败动机与成就动机、一般自尊、运动能力、身体状况、身体素质、身体自尊存在显著性负相关,说明追求成功的动机越强,身体自尊水平越高;而避免失败的动机越强,身体自尊越低。通过回归分析表明,运动成就动机对自尊水平具有良好的预测功能。运动成就动机中,追求成功动机能对残疾运动员的一般自尊和身体自尊各分量表(运动能力、身体状况、身体自尊)具有有效的正向预测作用;而避免失败动机对残疾运动员的一般自尊和身体自尊各分量表(运动能力、身体状况、身体素质和身体自尊)具有有效的负向预测作用。This paper, based on the achievement motivation theory, discusses and analyzes the correlation of disabled athletes ＇ sport achievement motivation and physical self-perception, ai-ming to verify and explain the role of disabled athletes ＇ sport achievement motivation in impro-ving their physical self-perceptions. 590 disabled athletes （377 males and 213 femah, s） are taken as subjects to complete Achievement Motivation Scale （AIMS）, General Self-perception Profile and Physical Self-perception Profile （PSPP） questionnaires. The result shows that a- mong disabled athletes＇ sport achievement motivations, the correlation is significantly different between motivation to avoid failure ＆ achievement motivation and general self-perception physical self-perception in terms of different types of disabilities, indicating deviation exists in their cognitive competence since disabled athletes have malfunction in different organs. Addi-tionally, due to the differences in terms of social culture, traditional ideas and family environ-ment etc. , remarkable differences show between genders in terms of the motivation to avoid failure and physical self-perceptions and between achievement motivation and general self-per-ception ＆ physical self-perceptions （athletic ability, physical condition, physical fitness and physical self-perception） in terms of marital status. A further study shows that disabled ath-letes ＇ motivation to achieve success can promote the upgrade of their physical self-perception, is positively correlated to achievement motivation, general self-perception, athletic ability, phys-ical condition, and physical self-perception, while motivation to avoid failure is negatively corre-lated to achievement motivation, general self-perception, athletic ability, physical condition, physical fitness and physical self-perception, indicating the stronger the motivation to achieve success is, the higher the physical-perception level will be;while the stronger the motivation to avoid failure is, the

关 键 词：残疾运动员 运动成就动机 促进 身体自尊 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]