乐观偏差的内隐效应  

Implicit Effect of Optimistic Bias

作　　者：陈瑞君[1,2] 秦启文[2] 王晓刚[3] 傅于玲[2] 杨帅[3] 

机构地区：[1]郑州师范学院教育科学学院,郑州450044 [2]西南大学文化与社会发展学院,重庆400715 [3]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第2期453-457,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目:中国心理健康服务体系现状及对策研究(05JZD00031);河南省教育科学"十-五"规划课题(2010-JKGHAG-0566);中央高校基本科研业务非专项资金项目(SWU1209474)"的资助

摘　　要：乐观偏差是一个普遍存在的现象。采用Greenwald的内隐联想测验测验(IAT)方法和Inquisit专业软件,以60名大学生为被试对乐观偏差进行了考察。结果发现:乐观偏差存在内隐效应;乐观偏差的内隐效应在性别上没有差异。Optimistic bias means that people have a tendency to think that positive evens are more likely to happen to themselves and negative events are more likely to happen to other people. Many studies used explicit measure and found that the optimism bias is a gen- eral phenomenon to people in many cases. It has both positive and negative effects. Although many people show optimistic bias widely to an explicit degree, optimistic bias still exists on an implicit level. In other words, people might show optimistic bias automatically and unconsciously. There were no studies to explore optimistic bias on an implicit level. Based on the dual -attitude model,we postulate that optimistic bias has an automatic and unconscious implicit feature. Therefore, this research used the method of the implicit association test （IAT） to explore the implicit effect of optimistic bias. The subjects consis- ted of 60 eoUege students. The data of IAT indicated that the mean reaction time in the compatible test was shorter than the one in the incompatible test significantly （t = -8.06, p 〈 . 01 ）, which means that the participant tended to associate self with positive events and associate others with negative events. To explore further, we transformed the difference of reaction time between the incompatible test and the compatible test into d scores as the indicator of the implicit effect of optimistic bias. The mean d score is. 47. One - sample t test showed that the d score was significantly larger than zero （t = 10. 226 ,p 〈 . 01 ）, which suggests that there was a significant im- plicit optimistic bias. However, there was no significant difference between sex, although d score of the females was smaller than males＇. This research concludes that optimistic bias has an automatic and unconscious implicit feature, i. e. , participants still showed significant optimistic bias implicitly, but females＇and males＂ implicit optimistic bias has no significant difference.

关 键 词：乐观偏差 非现实的乐观主义 内隐联想测验 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]