苏北浅滩沙脊潮沟地形和潮流对虾类分布的影响  

Effects of topography and tidal current of sand ridge and tidal creek system in North Jiangsu shoal of East China on the distribution of shrimps

作　　者：阙江龙[1,2] 柯昶[3] 徐兆礼[1] 孙鲁峰[1] 陈佳杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]国家海洋局海洋咨询中心,北京100860

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第3期661-667,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB428705);国家自然科学基金项目(40776077)资助

摘　　要：采用2010年11和2011年5月苏北浅滩海域2个航次的渔业资源调查资料,研究苏北浅滩虾类资源密度、种类组成和优势种,结合该海域沙脊潮沟系统,探讨了地形特征和潮流对虾类数量分布的影响。结果表明:两次拖网调查共鉴定虾类15种;依据相对重要性指数IRI值,得出该海域春季优势种为细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis),秋季为中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis);春季虾类生物量和尾数密度均高于秋季,春季和秋季虾类生物量分别为35.64和9.24kg·km-2,尾数密度分别为35.42×103和25.92×103ind·km-2;根据贡献率β值,虾类总密度变化与主要优势种虾类密度变化密切相关,两者平面分布规律也一致;因苏北浅滩海域潮沟和沙脊相间的地形地貌特征,加之受东海前进波和黄海旋转波作用,形成潮流从北、东、南3个方向向心辐聚作用;潮沟的流速大于沙脊的流速,致使无论在春季还是秋季,形成虾类生物量和尾数密度在潮沟内远大于沙脊上、在沙脊与潮间带浅滩之间的深槽处略高于沙脊处的分布特征。Based on the data from two oceanographic surveys in North Jiangsu shoal in l＇~ovember 2010 and May 2011, this paper analyzed the shrimp density, population composition, and domi- nant species in the shoal, and, in combining with the unique topography of the sand ridge and tidal creek system in the shoal, studied the effects of the topography and tidal current on the quantitative distribution of the shrimps. A total of 15 shrimp species were identified, among which, Leptochela gracilis and Acetes chinensis were the dominant species in spring and autumn, respectively, according to the index of relative significance （1171）. As compared with those in autumn, the biomass and individual density of the shrimps were relatively high in spring, being 35.64 vs. 9.24 kg ~ km-2, and 35.42~103 vs. 25.92x103 ind ~ km-2, respectively. According to the/3 value, there was a close correlation between the variations of the total shrimp density and the main dominant species density, and the two had the same horizontal distribution pattern. Due to the unique topography of the sand ridge and tidal creek system in the shoal, in addition to the forward wave of East China Sea and the rotating wave of Yellow Sea, the tidal current concentrat- ed centripetally from north, east, and south, which was consistent with the direction of the tidal creeks. The flow rate of the tidal current was faster in tidal creeks than on sand ridges, which made the shrimp biomass and individual density be far greater in tidal creeks than on sand ridges, and slightly higher in the deep grooves between sand ridges, no matter in spring or in autunm. sand ridges and intertidal tords than on the sand ridges, no matter in spring or in autunm.

关 键 词：苏北浅滩 虾类 种类组成 优势种 地形和潮流 分布格局 

分 类 号：S932.51[农业科学—渔业资源]