近30年来江苏省滨海淤长型湿地景观动态  

Landscape dynamics of aggradational coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province in the past three decades

作　　者：张明娟[1] 王磊[2] 刘茂松[3] 徐驰[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095 [2]江苏省林业科学研究院,南京211153 [3]南京大学生命科学院,南京210093

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第3期696-703,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家林业局林业公益性行业专项(201004091);国家自然科学基金项目(41271197)资助

摘　　要：以4期(1975、1990、2002、2010年)Landsat影像为基础数据,研究了近30年来江苏省滨海淤长型湿地景观组成与变化情况。结果表明,1975—2010年,江苏省滨海淤长型湿地面积从2100.18km2增长到3686.31km2,增长了75.52%;其中人工湿地(农业/渔业用地及盐田)面积增长了2.46倍(从514.97km2至1795.18km2),而以芦苇(Pragmites communis)、碱蓬(Saueda spp.)、茅草(Aeluropus littoralis)、米草(Spartina spp.)为主的盐生植物群落及光泥滩构成的自然湿地略有增长,但占湿地总面积比例从74.59%下降至50.30%。湿地宽度迅速从1975年的8.64±1.64km增长至2010年的(13.89±2.86)km,其中,人工湿地在多数地段均向海面有所延伸,而自然湿地在不同时期和地点消长互现。近30年来,湿地景观演化方向为光泥滩→盐生植物群落→农业/渔业用地;其中,农业用地多以围垦芦苇滩涂为主,而渔业用地大多以围垦碱蓬滩涂为主。The landscape dynamics of the aggradational coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province in the past three decades were studied by using Landsat images acquired in four periods （ 1975, 1990, 2002 and 2010）. The results showed that the area of the aggradational coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province increased from 2100.18 km2 to 3686.31 km2 （ increased by 75.52% ）. The artificial wetland （including agricuhural/aquatural land and salina） increased from 514.97 km2 to 1795. 18 km2（ increased 2.46 times） ; while the natural wetland （halophyte communities dominated by Pragmites communis, Saueda spp. , Aeluropus littoralis and Spartina spp. , and bare intertidal mud fiat） only increased a little, and the area percentage of natural wetland relative to the total wetland decreased from 74.59% to 50.30%. In the past three decades, the average wetland width increased from 8.64±1.64 km in 1975 to 13.89±2.86 km in 2010; the artificial wetlands extended to the sea in most locations, while the natural wetland extended and retreated in differ- ent periods and locations. The succession series of wetland landscape was intertidal mud fiat→halophyte communities→agricultural/aquatural lands. The agricultural lands were mainly re- claimed from the P. communis communities, while the aquacultural lands were mainly reclaimed from the Saueda spp. communities.

关 键 词：农业 渔业用地 滨海滩涂 淤长型湿地 景观动态 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]