东江干流浮游植物的物种组成及多样性分析  

Phytoplankton Species Composition and Biodiversity in Dongjiang River

作　　者：王珊[1] 于明[1] 刘全儒[1] 周云龙[1] 江源[2] 付岚[2] 孟世勇[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875 [3]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第3期473-480,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:41271104);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX07501002-004)

摘　　要：基于2010年1月对东江干流水体51个点进行的浮游植物及其群落结构调查,研究了浮游植物的种类和密度状况,分析了河流中浮游植物群落的组成和生物多样性,并据此评价了东江干流水体水质污染状况。结果表明,该干流水体中物种丰富度中等,个体分布较均匀,共有浮游植物7门83种(包括2变种);其中硅藻门种类最多,达38种,占所有物种数的45.78%,其细胞生物量占总浮游植物的53.99%;主要优势种为卵形隐藻(Cryptomonas ovata)、变异直链藻(Melosira varians)、菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、舟形藻(Navicula sp.);浮游植物的密度分布不均匀,其中下游显著大于上、中游,且主要密集于下游的东莞市和惠州市江段水体;东江干流水体中浮游植物多样性指数相对较为一致,上游的物种多样性和种群结构稳定性较下游略高;以多样性指数为指标对水体作评价,结果显示大多数采样点位水体营养化程度不高,水质总体良好。To investigate phytoplankton species composition and biodiversity in Dongjiang River, we sampled the river water repeatedly at 51 sampling points in January 2010. We conducted research into the features of the phytoplankton community in the river, including species composition, density, dominant species and biodiversity, and evaluated the river water quality to support the comprehensive management of Dongjiang River. We identified 83 phytoplankton species （including deformation）, belonging to seven classes. Among them, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta were the main phytoplankton groups. There were 38 species of Bacillariophyta in the mainstream, amounting for 45.78% of the total phytoplankton species, and 53.99% of total phytoplankton cell abundance. There were 28 species of chlorophyta in the mainstream, accounting for 33.73% of total phytoplankton species, and 14.72% of total phytoplankton cell abundance. The universal dominant species in the river were Cryptomonas ovata, Melosira varians, Nitzschia sp., Cyclotella sp. and Navicula sp. Statistical results show that phytoplankton community composition and dominant species were similar with the survey in summer 2010. The cell density of phytoplankton was between 0.51 × 10^4 and 366.04 × 10^4 cells·L^-1. The cell density downstream was significantly greater than mid-and up-stream. The index of biological diversity was relatively consistent in all sections of the Dongjiang River, whereas species diversity and composition upstream were more stable than mid-and down-stream. According to the evaluation of the above-mentioned phytoplankton diversity index, it seems that the water in Dongjiang River is not severely polluted.

关 键 词：东江干流 浮游植物 物种组成 多样性分析 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]