农户管理水平下微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐动态及作物产量的影响  

Effects of Slight Saline Water Irrigation on Soil Salinity and Crop Yield

作　　者：马文军[1,2,3] 宇振荣[4] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学国土资源部干旱半干旱地区水资源与国土资源开放研究实验室,西安710054 [2]长安大学杂志社,西安710064 [3]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,西安710054 [4]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第3期585-593,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:CHD2009JC142);国家高技术研究发展计划(编号:2006AA100207);国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2005CB121103)

摘　　要：微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐动态及作物产量的影响因管理水平而异,实验站与农户管理水平间的比较研究有助于揭示专家与农户间的知识差,促进合理灌溉措施的推广。该文基于农户田间试验和农户调查,分析了农户管理水平下微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐动态及作物产量的影响;对比实验站研究结果,讨论了实验站和农户管理水平下微咸水灌溉影响的差异。结果表明:农户管理水平下,微咸水灌溉可能主要影响0～80cm土层的土壤饱和电导率;土壤盐分向下淋洗是盐分运动的主要趋势,很难形成上行运动造成土壤次生盐渍化;相对于淡水灌溉,微咸水灌溉的冬小麦相对产量为45.38%～83.33%,夏玉米相对产量为42.86%～58.57%;无论是实验站还是农户管理水平,微咸水灌溉均对土壤饱和电导率产生显著影响,实验站管理水平下的灌溉制度比农户管理水平下的更加合理,农户管理水平下微咸水灌溉对作物产量的影响比实验站管理水平要严重;需要多角度采取措施提高农户管理水平。Effects of slight saline water irrigation on soil salinity and crop yield are different because of different management levels. The comparative study of experiment station levels and farm management levels helps to close the knowledge gap between experts and farmers and encourage the spread of a reasonable irrigation system. Based on farm field experiments and farm surveys, the effects of slight saline water irrigation on soil salinity and crop yield under farm management level were analyzed, and the differences between the experiment station level and farm management level discussed. Ten farm fields with fresh water irrigation and ten farm fields with saline and fresh water rotation irrigation or saline water irrigation were selected for farm field experiment near the Quzhou Experimental Station. The farm survey included farm planting behavior on winter wheat and summer maize 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. We found that saline water irrigation affected the saturated soil electrical conductivity mainly in the 0-80 cm soil layer under farm management. Leaching downwards was the main movement for soil salinity, and it was difficult to move upwards and cause salinization, the reason may be that the groundwater decreased continuously in Quzhou. Compared with the fresh water irrigation treatment, the relative crop yield of winter wheat was 45.38%～83.33% and that of summer maize was 42.86%～58.57% under the slight saline water irrigation treatment. At both the experiment station and farm management level,slight saline water irrigation affected saturated soil electrical conductivity significantly. The irrigation system under experiment station level was more reasonable than that under farm management level. The effect of saline water irrigation on crop yield under farm management was more serious than that under experimental station. The measure increasing the farm management level included government policy promoting farmer enthusiasm on field management, and improving soil fertility indirectly increased the salt resistan

关 键 词：微咸水灌溉 水盐运动 作物产量 实验站 农户 华北平原 

分 类 号：S273.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]