鄂尔多斯蒙古族可持续利用有毒木本植物传统文化  

Mongolian Traditional Sustainable Utilization Knowledge of Poisonous Ligneous Plants in the Ordos Grassland, China

作　　者：满良[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津300387 [2]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《植物分类与资源学报》2013年第2期202-208,共7页Plant Diversity

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960083);国家社会科学基金项目(09Bmz030);天津师范大学博士基金项目(52XB1208)

摘　　要：有效地、可持续利用有毒植物的传统文化是蒙古族生态文化的一个特色。运用民族生态学、植物分类学和文化人类学的研究方法,分析有毒木本植物可持续利用蒙古族传统文化,探讨了蒙古族有毒植物传统管理文化对鄂尔多斯草原生物多样性保育的积极意义。植物分类学和文化人类学的研究发现,蒙古莸(Caryopteris mongholica)、草麻黄(Ephedra sinica)、沙地柏(Juniperus sabina)、刺叶柄棘豆(Oxytropis aciphylla)和蒙古扁桃(Prunus mongolica)等有毒木本植物为鄂尔多斯蒙古族重要的解毒、食用、美容和治疗皮肤病植物。鄂尔多斯蒙古族有毒植物传统文化具有独特的区域文化特色。生态学分析证明,蒙古族多利用有毒植物地上部分的传统管理文化是草原生态系统免受或降低沙漠化风险的符合生态学规律的传统文化。Traditional culture that the effective and sustainable utilization of poisonous plants is one characteristics of Mongolian ecological culture. Applying the methods like ethnoecology, plant taxonomy and cultural anthropology to analyze how Mongolian utilizes poisonous ligneous plants, and discussing about active effects of Mongolian traditional culture of utilizing poisonous plants on biodiversity conservation to grassland ecosystem in the Ordos plateau. The re- search to plan! taxonomy and cuhural anthropology found that those poisonous plants, such as Caryopteris mongholi- ca, Ephedra sinica, Juniperus sabina, Oxytropis aciphylla and Prum~ mongolica, can be used detoxification culture, eating culture, beauty cuhure and curing skin diseases. Therein, L）~hedra sinica plays an important role on Mongoli- an nomadic economy and culture. Ordos Mongolian traditional culture of utilizing poisonous plants is distinguished from others＇ which are in other areas on Mongolian Plateau and reflects unique regional cultural character. Mongoli- an traditional managing culture of utilizing plants ground parts, which can diminish, even avoid desertification. Also it is consistent with ecological law and is one of elements which can ensure stable and sustainable development and biodiversity conservation of the Ordos grassland ecosystem.

关 键 词：有毒木本植物 以毒攻毒的解毒文化 食用文化 美容文化 治疗皮肤病 蒙古族传统文化 鄂尔多斯草原 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]