页岩气勘探开发过程中的若干环境和生态问题  

Environmental and ecological problems in the process of shale gas' exploration and development

作　　者：岳婷[1] 胡社荣[1] 彭纪超[1] 褚福贺[1] 张运勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《中国矿业》2013年第3期12-15,28,共5页China Mining Magazine

摘　　要：世界页岩气的勘探开发迎来了黄金时期。国土资源部确定中国大陆页岩气勘探开发的一系列规划和政策,并完成了两次页岩气勘探开发的投标。然而,对页岩气勘探开发过程中的环境问题较少涉及。本文通过页岩气勘探开发过程中运用压裂法用水量大、压裂液与钻孔冲洗液含有毒有害元素而污染地下水,页岩气漏失、发震等环境与生态问题的讨论,提出了中国大陆页岩气勘探开发要另辟蹊径,提升压裂法的技术含量、开发无水压裂工艺、优先勘探开发页岩气储量丰富、水资源充裕的区块,并急切需要建立页岩气勘探开发过程中的环境与生态问题的监督机制及其相应的法律与规章,使页岩气的勘探开发与利用成为真正的绿色环保气。The exploration and development of shale gas ushered in the golden age. The Ministry of Land and Resources determined a series of plans and policies of its exploration and development and has completed two shale gas＇ bidding. However, the government involved less on environmental problems in the process of exploration and development. This article discusses the water consumption of hydraulic fracturing,the contamination of groundwater by toxic and harmful elements existing in fracturing and drilling fluid, shale gas leakage, seismogenic and so on, puts forward China shale gas exploration and development should improve fracturing technology and develop waterless fracturing, give priority to shale gas reserves block with abundant resources of water, and be badly in need of establishment of supervision mechanism and the corresponding laws and regulations on environmental and ecological problems in the process of shale gas exploration and development,make the shale gas to be a real environment-friendly gas.

关 键 词：页岩气勘探开发 水力压裂 环境与生态 用水量 环保规章法律 

分 类 号：TE12[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探] X50[环境科学与工程—环境工程]