微波辐照实现PVC-PS之间的Friedel-Crafts接枝反应  

FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTION GRAFTING OF PVC AND PS THROUGH MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

作　　者：李侃社[1] 黄虎[1] 李锦[1] 牛红梅[1] 闫兰英[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学化学与化工学院高分子研究所,西安710054

出　　处：《高分子学报》2013年第3期335-340,共6页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省"13115"科技创新工程重大科技攻关专项(项目号2009ZDKG-62)资助

摘　　要：在四氢呋喃、环己酮等溶液中实现了聚氯乙烯(PVC)与聚苯乙烯(PS)的Friedel-Crafts接枝反应,考察了加热方式、反应温度、催化剂种类、催化剂用量对接枝反应的影响,通过FTIR表征了PVC-g-PS接枝物的结构,探讨了反应的机理和特点.研究发现,油浴加热和微波辐照都能使PVC和PS发生接枝反应,但微波辐照效果更好,油浴加热,接枝率仅0.27%,而微波辐照接枝率高达23%;油浴加热时产物少且多为间位,微波辐照时产物多且多为对位和邻位.无水AlCl3、无水FeCl3、无水SnCl4皆对PVC与PS之间的Friedel-Crafts反应具有催化活性,其中无水AlCl3的催化活性最高,其最佳用量为质量分数3%,此时,接枝率达到29%.当无水AlCl3过高时,PVC降解,产生双键,接枝率下降.表明微波辐照是实现PVC与PS之间Friedel-Crafts接枝反应的有效途径.With tetrahydrofuran or cyclohexanone as dissolvent, Friedel-Crafts reaction grafting of polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene was realized through microwave irradiation. Graft of PVC-g-PS was successfully prepared. Influence of heating method, reaction temperature, type and mass fraction of catalyst on grafting reaction and grafting ratio was investigated. Graft structure of PVC-g-PS was characterized through FTIR, the mechanism and features were discussed. Results showed that Friedel-Crafts reaction grafting of polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene can carry out through heating by oil bath or microwave irradiation. Under heating with oil bath the graft of PVC-g-PS occurs at the meta position of the benzene ring, and the graft ratio is only 0.27% ; while in the case of microwave irradiation,the graft of PVC-g-PS occurs at ortho-para positions of the benzene ring, and the graft ratio reaches up to 23%. Anhydrous A1C13 ,FeC13 or SnCI~ can all catalyze Friedel- Crafts reaction grafting of polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, but the best catalytic activity is observed for anhydrous A1C13. When the mass fraction of anhydrous AIC13 is 3% ,the highest graft ratio reaches up to 29% , but when mass fraction of anhydrous AIC13 is over 3%, the graft ratio declines, PVC begins degradation and produces olefinic bonds. Research results demonstrate that microwave irradiation is an effective way of realizing Friedel-Crafts reaction grafting of polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene.

关 键 词：聚氯乙烯 聚苯乙烯 FRIEDEL-CRAFTS反应 微波辐照 接枝 

分 类 号：O631.5[理学—高分子化学]