2011年医院感染现患率调查与分析  

Investigation and analysis of prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in a hospital,2011

作　　者：余连香[1] 曹芹芹[1] 汪红萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄山市人民医院医院感染管理科,安徽黄山245000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2013年第5期991-992,共2页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的了解某院医院感染现状及抗菌药物使用情况,为有效预防和控制医院感染提供依据。方法采用床旁调查和查阅病历相结合的方法,对医院2011年11月10日0∶00-24∶00所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,并填写统一的个案调查表。结果调查住院患者1195例,发生医院感染34例、36例次,现患率为2.85%、例次感染率为3.01%,医院感染现患率较高的科室依次为综合ICU占31.57%、烧伤科占22.22%、胸外科占9.52%、血液病科占8.00%、神经内科占7.69%、神经外科占6.45%;医院感染的高发部位:下呼吸道占63.88%、泌尿道占13.88%;共检出病原菌23株,抗菌药物使用率49.29%,治疗性使用抗菌药物病原学送检率66.49%。结论医院感染现患率调查结果提示,应加强对重点科室、重点环节的监控,同时规范、合理使用抗菌药物以有效降低医院感染率。OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation of nosocomial infections and antibiotic usage in a hospital,in order to provide the basis for the effective prevention and control of hospital infections.METHODS By the combination of the bedside investigation with the review of the medical records,the prevalence rates of the nosocomial infections were investigated for the patients who admitted to the hospital at 0∶00 to 24∶00 on Nov 10th,2011.The unified case questionnaire was filled out.RESULTS Among 1195 hospitalized patients,34 patients were with nosocomial infections（36 case-times）,the prevalence rate was 2.85% and the case-time infection rate was 3.01%.The prevalence rates of the nosocomial infections,from high to low,were as follows： the general ICU（31.57%）,burn unit（22.22%）,thoracic surgery department（9.52%）,blood disease department（8.00%）,neurological department（7.69%）,and neurosurgery department（6.45%）.The lower respiratory tract（63.88%） and urinary tract（13.88%） were at the high risk of nosocomial infections.Totally 23 strains of pathogens were isolated,the utilization rate of antibiotics was 49.29%.The submission rate of etiology for therapeutic use of antibiotics was 66.49%.CONCLUSION It is suggested by the infection prevalence survey results that the hospital should strengthen the monitoring of the key department and links and use antibiotics reasonably so as to effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 抗菌药物 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]