基于GIS的林火蔓延模拟  

GIS-based forest fire spread simulation

作　　者：李媛媛[1] 翁文国[1] 袁宏永[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学工程物理系,公共安全研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第12期1726-1730,共5页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(91024032)

摘　　要：森林防火是中国防灾减灾的重要组成部分,随着人们对林火行为的了解和地理信息系统(GIS)技术的发展,计算机模拟成为预测林火蔓延和辅助林火扑救的重要手段。该文对点源引发的森林火灾进行了模拟,计算在当地温度湿度、风力风速、树种和地形等条件下着火点的初始蔓延速度;然后根据Huygens波动传播理论,计算林火向未燃区蔓的椭圆参数和蔓延速度;最后将模拟结果与地形数据结合,在GIS上实现林火蔓延的可视化。通过对不同着火点在无风和有风状况下的模拟对比发现:相对于缓坡,火势在陡坡的蔓延速度更快;风速对火势蔓延的影响较大。Forest fire prevention is an important part of disaster prevention and mitigation in China. The increasing understanding of fire behavior and the development of geographic information system （GIS） methods have made computer simulations an important tool for forest fire spread prediction and firefighting. This paper describes a forest fire starting from a point source. After the initial spread rate from the ignition point was calculated, the ellipse parameters and fire spread rate were calculated based on Huygens principle. The results were combined with terrain data in a simulation visualized in a geographic information system model. Fire spread predictions were obtained with and without wind with different fire locations. The results show how fires spread faster on sharp slopes than on modest slopes; and how the wind speed has a crucial influence on the forest fire spread while the wind direction has little influence.

关 键 词：林火蔓延 地理信息系统 Huygens原理 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学] TK121[农业科学—林学]