气候变暖对西北地区棉花生长发育的影响分析  

Impacts of Climate Warming on the Main Growth Periods of Cotton in the Northwest Region

作　　者：王志伟[1] 马雅丽[1] 王润元[2] 韩龙[3] 李燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省气候中心,太原030002 [2]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,兰州730020 [3]山西省气象局后勤服务中心,太原030002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第15期42-45,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目"气候变暖对山西农业生态安全的影响"(2007031106-1);科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项"西北农作物对气候变化的响应及评价方法"(2005DIB3J100);山西省气象局重点科研项目"山西省农业气象数据库业务服务平台"(SXKZDNY20103203)

摘　　要：气候变暖已经成为世界各国共同面临的严峻问题,农业会受到较大影响。西北内陆棉区是全国三大棉区之一,研究气候变暖对西北棉花的影响以及棉花生产如何应对气候变暖,对保障国家棉花产业安全、促进棉农持续增收至关重要。利用西北地区1983—2004年新疆、甘肃、陕西观测站的地面气象观测资料和农业气象观测资料,对西北地区棉花主要发育期的变化进行分析。结果表明:近20多年来棉花的平均播期都在不同程度的提前,大部棉花分停止生长期的日期都在推迟,生育期的延长对棉花的产量和品质的提高都十分有利。棉花播期极端偏早年份和停长极端偏早的年份频繁出现在近10年,主要是由于气候变暖,春季气温回升迅速,同时还由于冬季偏暖,地温相对较高有关。Global warming has been a serious problem all over the world, and has an great impact on agriculture. It is very important to study the influence of global warming on Northwestward cotton, which is one of the three biggest cotton-growing areas, and how to deal with this problem to keep the safety of the national cotton industry and promote farmers＂ income. Based on the ground meteorological data of meteorological observation stations and agricultural information in Xinjiang, Gansu and Shanxi of Northwest from 1983 to 2004, development period changes of cotton under the context of climate warming were analyzed. The results showed that, over the past 20 years, the average sowing of cotton in different degrees of advance, most of the cotton sub-stop growing season dates were delayed, extend the growing period of cotton were very favorable for the cotton yield and quality improvement. Cotton sowing of earlier years and stop the extreme length of the earlier years of extremely frequented in the last 10 years, mainly due to global warming, spring temperature rose quickly, but also because warmer in winter, the ground temperature is relatively high.

关 键 词：气候变暖 棉花 发育期 西北地区 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]