东北典型黑土供肥量与大豆肥料利用率  

Nutrient Supplying Capacity of Typical Black Soil and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Soybean in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：孙振宁[1] 段兴武[2] 谢云[1] 刘刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室/地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]云南大学亚洲国际河流中心,昆明650091

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第15期46-51,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室开放课题(2010-KF-05);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目"东北黑土区水土保持措施效益评估及防治技术"(201001026)

摘　　要：土壤对大豆的供肥量与肥料利用率,是养分平衡法施肥的重要参数,对于科学施肥和提高产量具有指导意义。在位于黑龙江省农垦总局九三分局鹤山农场的北京师范大学九三水土保持试验站,选取黑土(Black soils,土壤系统分类为均腐土,Isohumisols),按当前大田施肥水平设计盆栽试验,包括混施肥(NP、NK、PK、NPK)、不施肥(CK)、单施肥(N、P、K)共8种处理各3个重复,确定该种土壤类型对大豆的供肥量和肥料利用率。结果表明,土壤供氮量为63.28 kg/hm2,供磷量为50.15 kg/hm2,供钾量为110.39 kg/hm2。氮肥利用率为15.99%,磷肥利用率5.12%,钾肥利用率为78.79%。与其他学者的研究相比,研究区供肥水平中等,钾肥利用率较高,氮肥和磷肥利用率较低。据此,依据养分平衡法,确定比较适宜的大豆纯肥施入量应为72.87 kg/hm2,N:P2O5:K2O应为1:0.88:0.16。按此标准,研究区目前实际施纯肥总量偏高39%,施肥配比中,氮肥比例偏低,磷肥和钾肥比例偏高,应考虑改变施肥现状。As important parameters of nutrient balance method, nutrient supplying capacity of typical black soil and fertilizer use efficiency of soybean can supervise fertilization and increase production of farms in Northeast China. An experimental area, Heshan Farm in Jiusan Agriculture Reclamation Substation of Heilongjiang Province, was chosen to determine these two parameters using pot experiment with local black soil （Isohumosols） and designing 8 fertilizer treatments （CK, N, P, K, NP, NK, PK, NPK） under current field fertilizer input levels. The results showed that, the supplying capacity of N, P2Os and K20 for typical black soil （Isohumosols） were 63.28 kg/hm2, 50.15 kg/hm2 and 110.39 kg/hm2, respectively, and their use efficiencies were 15.99%, 5.12% and 78.79%. The estimated optimal fertilizer input amount should be 72.87 kgdthm2, and the ratio of N：P2Os：K2O should be 1：0.88：0.16, based on above parameters by using nutrient balance method. The current field fertilizer input amount was less by 39%, and with lower N level, higher P205 and K20 levels. Consequently, a changing of fertilizer amount and rate should be taken into account.

关 键 词：东北典型黑土 养分平衡 土壤供肥量 肥料利用率 盆栽试验 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]