广西某工厂三硝基甲苯对眼晶状体损害致白内障的职业危害分析  

Occupational hazard analysis of trinitrotoluene induced cataract in lens of workers in a factory of Guangxi

作　　者：覃政活[1] 黄雪雁[1] 朱林平[1] 农康[1] 覃卫平[1] 梁启荣[1] 苏素花[1] 卢世玲[1] 王超英[1] 庞丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院中毒科,南宁市530021

出　　处：《职业与健康》2013年第5期568-570,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生厅重点科研课题(项目编号:重2010067)

摘　　要：目的分析三硝基甲苯(TNT)对作业工人眼晶状体的职业危害,为制定防制措施提供依据。方法对广西某厂职业接触TNT 300名作业工人进行职业健康检查,了解TNT对眼晶状体职业危害所致白内障的发生情况。结果 300名工人经检查白内障的患病率达18.3%,其中粉碎工与压药工的患病率达38.9%与34.1%,明显高于装药工、包装工及纸筒工的16.7%、10.3%和6.7%,统计学分析显示,不同工种工人白内障发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.94,P<0.01)。检查诊断为职业性TNT白内障的55例,其中男52例,女3例;工作环境空气中TNT浓度越高发病率也会越高。结论预防或降低职业性TNT白内障的发生,应避免TNT的接触累积,作业工人应定期的工种调整。在工作过程中要注意通风,降低工作环境中的TNT浓度,要加强自身防护,严禁在工作场所内饮食。[ Objective] To analyze the occupational hazard of trinitrotoluene （TNT） on lens of workers with exposure, and provide evidence for developing control measures. [ Methods ] Occupational health examination was performed on 300 workers with TNT ex-posure in a factory of Guangxi, so as to understand the prevalence of TNT induced cataract in lens. [ Results ] Of 300 workers, the prevalence rate of cataract in lens was up to 18.3%, that of workers engaged in crashing and pressing was 38.9% and 34.1%, re-spectively which was significantly higher than that of workers engaged in charging （ 16.7% ）, packaging （ 10.3% ）, and fiber con-tainer making （6.7% ）. The statistical analysis showed the incidence of cataract was significantly different between workers with different types of work （ X^2 = 23.94 ,P 〈0.01 ）. A total of 55 workers were diagnosed as TNT induced cataract （ 52 were male, 3 were female）. The air TNT concentration was positively correlated with the incidence of cataract in work environment. [ Conclusion] To prevent and reduce the occurrence of occupational TNT induced cataract, TNT exposure should be avoided and regular adjustment of work type should be implemented. Attention should be paid to ventilation in the work process to reduce the TNT concentration in working environment. For workers, self-protection and prohibited eating in the workplace are also needed.

关 键 词：三硝基甲苯 白内障 晶状体 职业病危害 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]