康德的“至善”与《判断力批判》的宗教哲学含义  

Kant's “Highest Good” and the Religious-philosophical Implications of Critic of Judgment

作　　者：赵广明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院宗教所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2013年第3期97-106,128,共10页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：至善（das hōichste Gut）是从康德道德哲学通向其道德宗教的契机，如何理解这个契机，会导致对其宗教哲学不同的理解。一般而言，康德批判哲学把自由置于空前的高度，并由此确立基于理性自由的宗教哲学。但康德至善思想的精髓在于，自然应该和自由一样成为批判哲学的目的，而且是同一个目的；自由与自然的协调与同一才是上帝概念的真实寓意，这个意义上的上帝既非传统宗教之上帝，亦非被纯粹理性化的上帝，而是内在于自由和自然之同一中的作为隐喻的上帝。The highest good is the turning point for Kant's moral philosophy to progress into his moral religion,the grasp of which would lead to a different understanding of his religious philosophy.Generally speaking,Kant's critical philosophy grants freedom an unprecedented importance,and from it builds his religious philosophy based on the freedom of reason.However,the quintessence of the idea of highest good is that both nature and freedom should be the goal of critical philosophy.The harmony and oneness of freedom and nature are the real implication of the idea of God,which is neither the God of traditional religions nor a purely rationalized concept.Rather,it is a God of metaphor inherent in the oneness of freedom and nature.The structure and content of Critic of Judgment are revealed in this implication.The critic of aesthetic judgment is to examine how freedom of emotions and inner harmonious order of man can be achieved.The critic of teleological judgment is to examine how the freedom of the entire natural world is possible,and to explore the whole organic order of existence in which human beings find themselves.Freedom of nature,or nature of freedom,means the presence of God.As the core of enlightenment and pure freedom,enlightenment of emotions is of great importance,and its comparison to Confucian and Taoist thoughts on emotions is the basic concern of Chinese and Western philosophies.

关 键 词：宗教哲学 “至善” 《判断力批判》 康德 理性自由 批判哲学 道德宗教 道德哲学 

分 类 号：B920[哲学宗教—宗教学]