福建九龙江河口区定置网渔业的鱼类群落结构研究  

Study on fish community structure of set-net catches in Jiulong River Estuary,Fujian

作　　者：常国芳[1] 黄良敏[1] 李军[1] 王家樵[1] 张会军[1] 张雅芝[1] 吝涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2013年第2期295-305,共11页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金(2011J01230);中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室(城市环境研究所)开放基金(KLUEH201007)

摘　　要：2010年9月至2011年8月采用定置网对福建九龙江口水域的鱼类群落进行了调查,该河口区鱼类生物有169种,隶属于18目63科118属,其中鲈形目最多(89种),占总种数的52.7%;其次为鲤形目(18种)和鲱形目(16种),分别占总种数的10.7%和9.5%。暖水性鱼类种类最多(59.8%),暖温性种类次之(37.8%),冷温性种类最少(2.3%)。岛美站位鱼类种类数最多(98种),浮宫站位次之(96种),紫泥站位种类最少(87种),而Shannon-Weaver多样性指数以岛美站位最高,浮宫站位最低,其平均值分别为2.816 8和2.060 4。研究水域周年渔获物全年出现频率大于50%的优势种类有中华小公鱼(Anchoviell achinensis)、眶棘双边鱼(Ambassis gymnocephalus)和前鳞鲻(Mudil affinis)3种。渔获量以秋季最高,夏季次之,冬季最低。全年鱼类群聚特征与河口径流关系密切,即汛期浮宫站位(交汇区)的鱼类群落与紫泥站位(淡水区)的相似,而其他时间浮宫站位(交汇区)的鱼类群落则与岛美站位(咸水区)的相似。In this study,based on the data acquired in seasonal comprehensive surveys of the marine ecosystem of the Jiulong River Estuary from Sep.2010 to Aug.2011,the composition,quantity distribution and variation of fish species were reported with relative species number and weight.The results showed： a total of 169 fish species were collected in this survey,which belonged to 18 orders,63 families and 118 genera.89 fishes from the family Perciformes（accounting for 52.7% of the total species）,18 fishes from the family Cypriniformes and 16 from Clupeiformes respectively（10.7% and 9.5%of the total species respectively）.And there were 59.8% warm water fishes,37.8% warm temperature fishes and 2.3% cold temperature fishes.And a total of 98 fish species were collected in Daomei site;a total of 96 fish species in Fugong site;a total of 87 fish species in Zini site.Shannon-Weaver biodiversity index H was higher in Daomei site and lower in Fugong site,and the average biodiversity index of fish were 2.816 8 and 2.060 4 respectively.Anchoviell ach-inensis,Ambassis gymnocephalus and Mudil affinis Günther were the dominant fishs in Jiulong River Estuary,whose annual frequency exceeded 50% separately.The abundance of fishery resource was high in autumn（from Sep.to Nov.）,followed by summer,and the lowest in winter（from Dec.to Feb.）.Annual fish assemblage characteristics are closely related to estuary runoff.And during the flood season,the fish concentration of Fugong（confluence of seawater and freshwater） showed characteristics closer to that of Zini（freshwater area）;but in other times,the fish concentration of Fugong（confluence of seawater and freshwater） showed characteristics closer to that of Daomei（the salt water area）.

关 键 词：九龙江口 鱼类群落 生态类型 多样性 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]