为什么R&D投资没能有效促进中国工业TFP快速提升?  

Why Did China's R&D Investment Fail to Accel Erate Its Industrial TFP Growth?

作　　者：黄阳华[1] 夏良科[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100836 [2]宁波大学商学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《经济管理》2013年第3期12-25,共14页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金青年项目"外资竞争策略演化对本土企业创新能力的动态影响研究"(12YJC790207);中国社会科学院青年启动项目"演化产业经济理论与政策研究";浙江省自然科学基金项目"外资进入时间;节奏与技术溢出效应的动态变化路径:基于浙江省的实证研究"(Y6110737)

摘　　要：本文将R&D投资和溢出、人力资本纳入到统一的框架之内,试图系统性地揭示导致中国工业出现"R&D成倍增加—TFP增速下降"悖论的内在机制。基于2000～2010年中国大中型工业企业数据,本文利用经过小样本调整后的两步系统GMM方法研究发现,R&D资源误置、人力资本效率不高以及过份依赖于外向型经济发展模式是导致这一悖论的主要原因。因此,有效提升中国工业TFP不仅需要增加R&D投入规模,更重要的是优化R&D的投资结构,包括将R&D资源更多地配置于上游基础工业行业。同时,加强对适用性人才的培养也将有助于提升R&D投资的效率。Nowadays, improving productivity is crucial to China＇s industrial transformation and upgrading, and the sustainable growth of China＇ s economy as well. According to the statistics, the average R＆D expenditure grew up to 23.8 percent over 2006 -2010, comparing to 18.5 percent for the period 2000 -2005. In 2010, China became the third largest R＆D expenditure country in the world. Moreover, China possesses the largest amount of R＆D personnel in the world in 2010. Nevertheless, many researchers argue that China＇ s TFP growth rate declined rather than accelerated since the middle of 1990s. An important and interesting question is why the substantial growth of R＆D investment failed to promote the improvement in the TFP growth, as the policy maker had expected？ To fully explain this paradox, we should answer the following two important empirical questions： what are determi- nants of TFP growth？ And, what is the mechanism of these factors affect TFP？ This current paper tries to explore the paradox between TFP deceleration in growth rate and the accelerated R＆D inputs based on the data of China＇s large and medium-sized industrial enterprises during 2000 - 2010. Basically, we try to extend the related researches in three directions. Firstly, we distinguish R＆D spillovers from downstream and upstream sectors based on China＇ s Input-Output Table. Secondly, we consider the interaction betweer＇s human capital, R＆D and R＆D spillovers. Thirdly, we also use a two-step system GMM estimation adjusted by finite sample correction to enhance the empirical results. The main findings are as follows： （1） on the industry level, R＆D inputs was negatively correlated with TFP, demonstrates that ＂R＆D acceleration and TFP deceleration＂ in Chinese industry is significant; （2） industrial TFP, technical progress and technical efficiency all have strong self-reinforcement effects, and the self-reinforcement effect of technical efficiency is the main reason of the self-reinforced TFP. This resul

关 键 词：R&D TFP 人力资本 两步系统GMM 

分 类 号：C812[社会学—统计学]