国际碳排放核算标准选择的公平性研究  

Fairness in the Selection of International Carbon Emissions Accounting Standards

作　　者：王文举[1] 李峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2013年第3期59-71,共13页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"我国碳排放总量确定;指标分配;实现路径机制设计综合研究"(批准号10AJY002);北京市高等学校人才强教深化计划高层次人才资助项目"经济问题博弈分析与动态模拟研究"(批准号PHR20100513)

摘　　要：本文基于基尼系数思想,使用相对剥夺系数分析了各种国际碳排放核算标准的公平性问题,计算出了1992—2011年G8国集团、基础四国和7个新兴工业化国家之间的碳排放相对剥夺系数。结果表明,不同核算标准下的公平性度量结果存在较大差异,以人均累积碳排放作为核算标准,G8国集团对其他两个国家子群有很高的相对剥夺系数,而以单位GDP碳排放作为核算标准,情况正好相反。研究发现,调整国际贸易中的隐含碳排放会使样本整体的相对剥夺系数得到降低,基于国际贸易隐含碳排放调整的人均累积碳排放核算标准更能体现"共同但有区别的责任"原则,以此制定全球减排方案将更具公平性。Basing on the thought of Gini coefficient, this article analyzes the fairness of international carbon emissions accounting standards using the relative deprivation coefficient. It calculates the relative deprivation coefficient of G8, basic four countries and seven newly industrialized countries between 1992 and 2011. The results show that there are great differences among those measurements of fairness under different accounting standards. In terms of accumulative carbon emissions per capita, G8 has stronger relative deprivation against the other two subgroup countries; While in terms of GDP carbon emission, it is on the contrary. The study also shows that the adjustment of implicit carbon emission in international trades will lower the relative deprivation level of the countries as a whole. The accounting standards of accumulative carbon emissions per capita based on the adjustment of implicit carbon emission in international trades better display the principle of ＂common but differentiated responsibilities＂. It＇s much fairer to make up the global emissions reduction projects basing on that.

关 键 词：国际碳排放 核算标准 公平性 相对剥夺系数 

分 类 号：F407[经济管理—产业经济]