北京地区发酵床养猪方式冬夏季环境状况测试与分析  

The Evaluation of Environment in Deep-litter Piggery in Summer and Winter in Beijing

作　　者：徐旨弘[1] 王美芝[1] 贾静[1] 田见晖[1] 吴中红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2013年第5期66-71,共6页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：北京市农业科技项目(20110816);北京市科技计划项目(2111100001110009);生猪产业技术体系北京市创新团队项目

摘　　要：本试验在冬、夏两季选取北京某猪场有窗密闭式和塑料大棚式2种样式、漏缝地板和发酵床2种地面形式的育肥猪舍进行环境监测,综合评价不同季节、不同建筑样式下发酵床在减少猪舍有害气体、调节温湿度等方面的效果。结果表明:冬季用简易热风炉供暖的有窗密闭漏缝地板猪舍日平均温度、氨气和硫化氢的浓度与不供暖的有窗密闭发酵床舍无显著差异(P>0.05),但发酵床舍二氧化碳含量较高(P<0.05),夏季时,发酵床能显著降低舍内氨气和硫化氢浓度(P<0.05),但床面日平均温度、猪舍空气日平均温度和日最高温度均极显著地高于有窗密闭漏缝地板舍(P<0.01),猪的增重明显低于漏缝地板舍,大棚式发酵床舍空气日平均温度和日最高温度又显著高于有窗密闭发酵床舍(P<0.05),有窗密闭发酵床舍又显著高于有窗实体地面舍(P<0.05)。因此,做好冬,夏季发酵床的管理以及选择与发酵床相配套的猪舍类型和环境调控措施非常关键。The effect of deep-litter in pig house could be influenced by seasons and building types. Present research compared the general thermal environment and air quality of three kind of fattening houses, that is, plastic-covered greenhouse with sawdust and rice hull-based deep-litter, insulated closed house with concrete slatted floor or with sawdust and rice hull-based deep-litter, separately in summer and winter in a pig farm in Beijing . The data showed that, in winter, there is no significant difference of daily average air temperature, air ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentration between the slatted floor house warmed with hot-blast stove and the deep-litter one in the closed pig house without heating （P〉0.05）. But air carbon dioxide concentration in deep-litter house was significant higher than that in slatted floor house （P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, compare to the slatted floor house, the air ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentration were significantly decreased in deep-litter house in summer （P〈O.05）, but the daily average air temperature, the daily highest air temperature and the surface temperature of deep-litter were significantly higher in deep-litter house in summer （P〈O.05）. The daily average air temperature and the daily highest air temperature level, from low to high level, were in sequence of in plastic-covered greenhouse with deep litter, insulated closed house with deep litter and insulated closed house with concrete slatted floor （P〈0.05）. And the bodyweight gain of fattening pig in deep-litter houses was significantly lower than those housed in slatted floor. Therefore, the results suggested that it is very important to do good deep-litter management, choose an appropriate building type, and match proper environmental controlling methods.

关 键 词：发酵床 漏缝地板 有窗密闭猪舍 塑料大棚猪舍 育肥猪 

分 类 号：S828.4[农业科学—畜牧学]