田径运动员奥运会前大周期训练方法的创新研究  

Innovative Approaches to Athletes' Training Within Preolympic Cycle

作　　者：О·И·巴甫洛娃 姚颂平(翻译) 

机构地区：[1]2013年第27届夏季大学生运动会执行部

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2013年第2期97-99,共3页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

摘　　要：作为一名教练员,国际竞技舞台竞争的不断加剧、竞技运动中的高水平成绩以及国际反兴奋剂规则的严格程度都使得笔者不得不在备战伦敦奥运会时探索新的训练方式和方法,以便开发运动员的身体潜能,获得最佳成绩。对于利用低氧方法提高运动员比赛成绩所存在问题的深入研究始于1968年奥运会(墨西哥.墨西哥城),墨西哥城的海拔在2 200m以上。山区运动员相比在标准气压条件下居住和训练的运动员在耐力项目上展现出更高的优势。目前俄罗斯国家队广泛采用的几种低氧训练方法已经得到科学论证并引入实践当中。这种训练通常在海拔2 000～2 700m的高度开展2～3周,并且在结束后可以提高运动员在低海拔地区的比赛成绩。这种训练的基本原则在于应用反映"高原生活、平地训练"理念的技术。根据这一理念,运动员长期处于高原条件下,并在不高于海拔1 000m的地区开展训练。俄罗斯运动员在备战2008年奥运会期间通过各种技术手段广泛采用另外一种训练方法——标准气压下的低氧训练,该训练在标准气压下的低氧混合气体呼吸训练课程之后开展,并且以不同方式在技术上加以实现。这一系列训练使得最大摄氧量显著增加,同时通过改善线粒体调控的能源资源还可以实现血氧饱和度的有效性及血乳酸水平的下降。通过上述系列技术训练,运动员在力量训练和200m短跑均取得了良好的效果,大大提高了个人训练纪录,并显示了高水准的个人生理储备。The constantly growing competition on the international arena, high level of sports achievements and toughening of international anti-doping rules have made the author as a trainer search for new training forms and methods while getting ready for the London Olympics capable of realizing athlete＇s body re- serves and achieving maximum results. The present paper contains one of such approaches. The serious studies of the problems of using hypoxia aimed at improvement of athletes＇ exercise performance have- been started since the Olympics 1968 （Mexico,Mexico city）. The city is situated 2200 meters above sea level. Athletes living in the mountains were shown to have a strong advantage over those living and train- ing in conditions of standard atmospheric pressure in sports associated with endurance. By now several va- riants of hypoxic training widely used by the Russian national team have been scientifically substantiated and introduced into practice. Most frequently such training is held 2000-2700 meters above sea level dur- ing over 2-3 weeks and in the end of training, promoting high achievements of the athletes in competitions held on lowland. The key principle of this type of training is the technique reflecting the concept of ＂liv- ing on highland - training on lowland＂. Whilst using it athletes are in constant highland conditions and train 1000 or less meters below sea level. One more method widely used by Russian athletes whilst training for the Olympics-2008 was normobaric hypoxia training presupposing a course of hypoxic gas mixture breathing at standard atmospheric pressure using various technical means. This kind of training can be realized technically in different ways. Using the training series the effect of maximum increase of VO2 has been achieved,along with effectiveness of blood oxygen saturation and decrease of blood lactate level by improving energy resources of mitochondrial regulation. After the series of trainings by the given tech- nique the athlete has achieved good results in po

关 键 词：低氧训练 中度高原 高度高原 大周期 

分 类 号：G808.12[文化科学—体育训练]