上海地区高品质仙客来温室生产技术  

Advanced Technologies for the Production of Cyclamen persicum Mill with High Quality in Greenhouse

作　　者：王剑敏 俞张明 曹征宇[3] 姚愚[3] 邓源[3] 虞冠军[4] 

机构地区：[1]上海滨江森林公园,上海200137 [2]上海锦彩园艺有限公司,上海201203 [3]浦东新区农业技术推广中心,上海201201 [4]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》2013年第1期34-40,共7页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)

基　　金：浦东新区科技发展基金创新资金项目(编号PKJ2007-NO7.现代农业)

摘　　要：以引进国外仙客来杂交F1代优质种子为材料,探讨了如何解决上海夏季炎热高湿气候条件下和冬季低温弱光照条件下的催花、保鲜技术,来提高仙客来盆花的商品品质。结果表明,仙客来的夏季养护,只要做好温室的降温、遮阳和通风工作,生长温度控制在25～30℃左右,光照强度控制在30 000～35 000lx,以及控制肥水和防病治虫,肥溶液的配方是N∶P∶K比例为7∶11∶27和15∶15∶30,浓度为2 000倍,基质pH值6.5～6.8,EC值1.1～1.2mS/cm之间;在冬季低温弱光条件下,对温室采用机械设施增温和薄膜防冻保温来提高温度,使气温稳定在5℃以上,来提高仙客来盆花的商品品质;其盆花的商品标准是每株总叶数100张以上,叶色深绿有光泽,蓬径达40cm以上,每盆总现蕾数达100个以上,销售时每盆开花数15朵以上,花色艳丽,花朵高于叶平面约10cm左右、连续开花数达100朵以上,花期长达4个月,植株根系发达,无病虫害。In order to improve the merchandize quality of potted cyclamen （Cyclamen persicum Mill）, in this study,the high quality F1 seed of cyclamen was introduced from overseas and the technical issues of flowering and fresh-keeping were investigated under different conditions including high temperature with strong humidity in summer and low temperature with weak light in winter of Shanghai area. The results demonstrated that, in summer, the potted cyclamen can be properly nursed by decreasing temperature, screening strong light, well ventilating, controlling the growth temperature between 25-30 ℃ and the illumination intensity between 30 000-35 000 lx in greenhouse. Other approaches included the prevention of plant diseases, control of the insects （pests） in time and proper use of fertilizer. Our optimized formula of the fertilizer is as following：the proportion of N＇P： K was 7：11：27 and 15 ：15： 30 , respectively for different flowering stages,with dilution index of 2000 fold, pH of 6. 5-6. 8 and EC value of 1.1-1.2 mS/cm.During winter time with low temperature and weak light, the greenhouse＇s temperature can be considerably raised and maintained （above 5 ℃） through mechanical methods and plastic film to improve commercial quality of the potted cyclamen. Commercial standards for potted cyclamen are listed as follows. The total leaves are more than 100; the leaves color is dark green and luster; the plant diameter is above 40 cm; the total flower buds are more than 100. When the potted cyclamen is on shelf, the number of flowers should be more than 15 with gorgeous color. In addition, the flower should be 10 cm higher than the leaves level. The flower period is as long as 4 months with blooming more than 100 flowers continually. The root system is well developed without diseases and insects （pests）.

关 键 词：仙客来 温室生产 N∶P∶K溶液 花期 商品标准 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]