结实期水分供应对寒地水稻灌浆动态和产量的影响  

Effect of Water Supply During Grain Filling Stage on Filling Dynamics and Yield of Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：黄富才[1] 吕艳东[1] 郭晓红[1] 殷大伟[2] 周贵珍[3] 于洪明[3] 李超[3] 周健[1] 魏长凯[1] 王瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,大庆163319 [2]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所 [3]黑龙江省绥滨农场

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2013年第1期12-18,共7页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划-国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B11);黑龙江省科技攻关重点项目(GA10B102);黑龙江省省长基金项目(2009HSJ-A-2)

摘　　要：以垦鉴稻5号为材料,采用负压式土壤湿度计监测土壤水势,通过防雨棚内的盆栽控水试验,较系统地研究了结实期水分供应对寒地水稻灌浆动态和产量影响。主要研究结果如下:结实期进行-8～-10 kPa的间歇控水处理,垦鉴稻5号的穗数减少,穗粒数和结实率增加,千粒重和经济产量降低;垦鉴稻5号各粒位的G軍、Gmax、和I值均升高;垦鉴稻5号中势粒的活跃生长期D延长,优、劣势粒的相反;垦鉴稻5号各粒位的Wmax.G值均降低。结实期进行-18～-20 kPa和-28～-30 kPa的持续控水处理,垦鉴稻5号的穗数减少,穗粒数增加,结实率、千粒重和经济产量降低;垦鉴稻5号各粒位的G軍和Gmax值均升高;垦鉴稻5号优势粒的I值降低,中、劣势粒的相反;垦鉴稻5号各粒位的活跃生长期D缩短;垦鉴稻5号劣势粒的Wmax.G值均降低,优、中势粒的相反。结实前进行-8～-10 kPa的间歇控水处理可作为寒地水稻增产保优灌溉的土壤水势指标;结实前不宜持续进行土壤水势为-18～-20 kPa以下的控水处理。With Kenjiandao 5 as material,the effects of water supply during grain filling stage on dry matter production,filling dynamics and yield of rice in cold region were studied with potted planting in chamber rainproof by examining soil water potential （SWP） with negative pressure soil moisture tensiometer. The main results were as follows：intermittent irrigation at -8 ～-10 kPa of SWP was carried out during grain filling stage, panicles of Kenjiandao 5 was decreased, grain number per panicle and kernel seting rate of Kenjiandao 5 were increased, 1000-grain weigh and economic yield of Kenjiandao 5 were decreased;G, Gmax and Ⅰ of different position-grains of Kenjiandao 5 were raised;D of middle grains of Kenjiandao 5 was extended,while which of superior grains and inferior grains contrary to it; WmaxG of different position-grains of Kenjiandao 5 were decreased. Unremitting irrigation at-18～-20 kPa and-28～-30 kPa of SWP were carried out during grain filling stage,grain number per panicle of Kenjiandao 5 was increased, panicles, kernel seting rate, 1000-grain weigh and economic yield of Kenjiandao 5 were decreased; ^-G, and Gmax of different position-grains of Kenjiandao 5 were raised;Ⅰ of superior grains of Kenjiandao 5 was decreased,while which of middle grains and inferior grains contrary to it;D of different position-grains of Kenjiandao 5 were shortened;Wl～o of inferior grains of Kenjiandao 5 were decreased,while which of superior grains and middle grains contrary to it. Intermittent irrigation at -8～-10 kPa of SWP during the stage before heading could be used as irrigating index for producing high yield and high quality rice in cold region;it is unfavorable to carry out unremitting irrigation below -18～-20 kPa of SWP during the stage before heading.

关 键 词：水分供应 寒地水稻 灌浆动态 产量 

分 类 号：S511.06[农业科学—作物学]