2A14高强铝合金电子束焊接头缺陷分析  

Defects in 2A14 aluminum alloy electron beam welded joints

作　　者：王亚荣[1] 黄文荣[1] 莫仲海[1] 余洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所,绵阳621900

出　　处：《焊接学报》2013年第3期109-112,118,共4页Transactions of The China Welding Institution

摘　　要：研究了2A14铝合金在电子束焊接中的主要缺陷,分析了焊接缺陷的形貌特点、形成原因和控制措施,为铝合金电子束焊接接头质量的提高提供了依据.结果表明,在铝合金电子束焊接头中的裂纹为结晶裂纹,增加电子束流搅拌以减少成分偏析,细化组织可减少裂纹的产生;彻底清除氧化膜、增加扫描频率、实施焊后重熔均可有效地减少焊缝气孔的产生;焊后重熔和增加搅拌同样对焊缝内的根部缩孔有一定的改善作用;在焊接结构上采取适当措施解决焊缝下榻;焊接接头的软化通过焊后热处理得到明显改善.The defects in 2A14 aluminum alloy electron beam welded(EBW) joints were studied.Their appearance features and formation causes were analyzed,and controlling methods were proposed for helping to improve the quality of the joints.The results show that the crack in 2A14 aluminum alloy EBW joint was solidification crack,which could be diminished by increasing scanning frequency of electrode beam in order to reduce the composition segregation and refine the grains.Porosity could be reduced by cleaning the oxide film,increasing scanning frequency and properly re-melting.Shrinkage cavity could also be improved by increasing scanning frequency and re-melting.Excessive penetration could be eliminated by changing welding structure,and softened zone in welded joint disappeared after post-weld heat treatment.

关 键 词：电子束焊接 2A14铝合金 焊接缺陷 气孔 裂纹 

分 类 号：TG456.3[金属学及工艺—焊接]