栽培方式对夏直播花生叶片光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of different cultivation modes on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer-sowing peanut

作　　者：杨富军[1] 赵长星[1] 闫萌萌[1] 王月福[1] 王铭伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第3期747-752,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD21B04;2009BADA8B03);山东省"泰山学者"建设项目;国家花生产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-14-东北区栽培);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目;山东省花生产业技术体系建设项目资助

摘　　要：在田间试验条件下,以青花7号花生品种为材料,研究了不同栽培方式对麦后夏直播花生叶片光合特性及产量的影响.结果表明:与传统栽培方式相比,采用夏直播高产保护性栽培方式可促进花生叶片生长,显著提高叶面积指数,且维持较高的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量的时间较长;植株功能叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率较高和胞间CO2浓度较低,光合效率显著提高.夏直播高产保护性栽培方式下花生单株生产力较高,荚果产量显著增加,经济系数明显提高.地膜覆盖和秸秆还田均可改善夏直播花生叶片光合特性,提高花生产量.夏直播高产保护性栽培方式能够有效缓解夏直播花生生育期较短、单株生产力低等不利因素,是一项实用的夏直播花生高产栽培方法.Taking the Arachis hypogaea cv. ＇ Qinghua 7＇ as test material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different cultivation modes on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer-sowing peanut after wheat harvest. As compared with conventional cultivation mode, high-yield protective cultivation mode promoted the leaf growth, significantly improved the leaf area index （ LAI）, and maintained a longer time of high LAI and chlorophyll content. Mean- while, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of functional leaves under high-yield protective cultivation mode were higher while the intercellular CO2 concentration was lower, which induced the photosynthetic efficiency of functional leaves being significantly im- proved. Therefore, under high-yield protective cultivation mode, the yield per peanut plant was higher, the pod yield increased significantly, and the economic coefficient improved obviously. Both film mulching and straw returning could also improve the leaf photosynthesis of summer-sowing peanut, and increase the peanut yield. It was suggested that high-yield protective cultivation mode could effectively alleviate the adverse factors of summer-sowing peanut, such as the short growth pe- riod and lower productivity per plant, being a practical high-yield cultivation mode of summer-so- wing peanut.

关 键 词：栽培方式 夏直播花生 功能叶片 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]