内蒙古皇甫川流域不同水土治理措施对粪金龟子群落的影响  

Effects of different soil and water loss control measures on the dung beetle assemblages in Huangfuchuan watershed,Inner Mongolia of North China

作　　者：刘伟[1,2] 王润润 刘新民[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第3期777-787,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40761016);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(20067010506;2010MS0519)资助

摘　　要：2007年9月—2008年9月,采用诱捕法采集粪金龟子,以不同水土治理措施植被、耕作农田和天然草地为研究样地,分析了内蒙古皇甫川流域不同土地管理方式对粪金龟子群落的影响.共捕获粪金龟子6169头,隶属于2科5属15种,优势种为直蜉金龟和小驼嗡蜣螂,分别占总捕获量的66.54%和13.26%.缺少适宜林地环境生存的种类是研究地区粪金龟子群落的基本特征.与耕作农田和天然草地相比,几种水土治理措施均未导致粪金龟子群落多度、生物量和物种丰度显著提高.粪金龟子群落生物量和物种丰度以及功能群Ⅱ和Ⅲ的多度与树(草)高呈显著负相关.受长期农业耕作以及缺少大型食草动物的影响,皇甫川流域的粪金龟子群落组成以功能群Ⅱ和Ⅲ为主,功能群I的多度和物种丰度较低.研究地区居民点的人畜粪便为粪金龟子提供了充足的食物,导致附近耕作农田中的粪金龟子群落具有较高的多度和丰度.天然草地是该流域粪金龟子群落的适宜生境.在区域尺度推广水土流失综合治理成功经验的同时,保护天然草地和饲养适当数量家畜(特别是大型食草牲畜)是维护粪金龟子群落多样性和生态系统功能的有效措施.By using pitfall trap method, and taking the croplands and natural grasslands under dif- ferent soil and water loss control measures as sampling plots, an investigation was conducted on the dung beetle assemblages in the Huangfuchuan watershed of Inner Mongolia from September 2007 to September 2008, aimed to understand the effects of different soil and water loss control measures on the dung beetle assemblages in the watershed. A total of 6169 dung beetles were captured, belong- ing to 15 species, 5 genus, and 2 families. The dominant species were Aphodius rectus and Onthophagus gibbulus, accounting for 66.54% and 13.26% of the total captured beetles, respec- tively. A lack of the species suitable for living in woodland habitats was the basic feature of the dung beetle assemblages. As compared with the control, all test soil and water loss control measures did not cause an obvious increase of species richness, biomass, and abundance of the dung beetle assemblages. The biomass and species richness of the assemblages as well as the abundance of the functional groups Ⅱ andⅢ had a significant negative correlation with the average tree （grass） height. Under the effects of long-term agricultural cultivation and the lack of large herbivores, the species richness and abundance of the functional group Ⅰ （larger paracoprids and telocoprids） were lower than those of the functional groups Ⅱ （relatively smaller paracoprids ） and Ⅲ （en-docoprids）, the main components of the dung beetle assemblages in the watershed. The faeces of the residents and livestock in the study region provided abundant foods for the dung beetle assem- blages, inducing the relatively high abundance and spices richness of the assemblages occurred in the croplands nearby the villages. Our results suggested that natural grasslands were the suitablehabitats for the dung beetles in Huangfuchuan watershed. At regional scale, to popularize the suc- cessful experiences of comprehensive soil and water loss control, preserve natural gras

关 键 词：水土流失治理 粪金龟子 群落特征 功能群 皇甫川流域 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] S154.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]