中国北方沙漠(沙地)地理底图绘制与地表动态过程分析——基于3S技术的新结果  

MAPPING DESERTS AND SANDY FIELDS IN NORTHERN CHINA AND SURFACE PROCESS ANALYSIS BASED ON 3S TECHNIQUES

作　　者：朱芳莹[1] 鹿化煜[1] 张文超[1] 陈英勇[1] 曾琳[1] 徐志伟[1] 张瀚之[1] 东丽娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院地貌过程与环境实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2013年第2期197-205,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDA05120700);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40930103);全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划项目(批准号:2010CB950203)共同资助

摘　　要：本文结合遥感、地理信息系统和全球定位系统技术(简称3S技术),通过对有关中国沙漠(沙地)遥感资料、主题地图的分析,结合实地考察,制作了新的中国沙漠(沙地)地理底图数据库。结合气候数据,分析了中国沙漠(沙地)的环境特点,为重建末次盛冰期和全新世大暖期中国沙漠(沙地)环境格局提供了依据。通过对中国沙漠(沙地)时空分布和变化的分析,认为水分条件的差异,尤其是相对湿度的差异,对中国沙漠(沙地)的地貌过程、植被与土壤类型的影响最为显著。There is an extensive area where is covered by deserts, sandy fields and Gobi deserts in Northern China, environment and vegetation of this region are dominated by the East Asian monsoon circulation and the Westerly Jet respectively. The area of deserts, sandy fields and Gobi deserts has significantly changed with climate changes during the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and the Holocene Optimum （ HO）, but a quantitative reconstruction of the borders of these deserts, sand fields and Gobi deserts was not carried out. In order to achieve such a goal,borders of the modern deserts, sandy fields and Gobi deserts should be firstly obtained. In this study,based on combination of remote sensing （RS）, global position system （GPS） and geographic information system （GIS） techniques, as well as the enhanced thematic mapper （ETM !. remote sensing images and the spectral angle method, we mapped the deserts and sandy fields in Northern China. We firstly used the methods of geometric precision correction, image mosaicking,wave band combination and image enhancement to treat with the ETM images. Then, to establish an interpret marker of desertification, using the band 7,5 and 2 of the ETM images. Third, to use the spectral angle method to identify margin of active dune, soil and vegetation cover. Typical points were measured in the field by the GPS,and were used to correct the dune field boundary data. An existing data set was combined with our results to create a new GIS database for the deserts and sand fields in Northern China, containing landform, soil and vegetation. This database can be used as a reference for studying desert area variations during the LGM and HO. In addition,we used the National Climatic Data from 1950 to 2010 to analyze relationship between climate and landform, soil and vegetation types. Impact of climate change on desert border locations within the last 60 years was investigated,taking the Horqin desert as an example. The results show that relative humidity is the most significant d

关 键 词：中国北方沙漠(沙地) 地理底图 地表动态过程 

分 类 号：P941.73[天文地球—自然地理学] P285.1