人工饲料对刺参幼参生长贡献的碳稳定同位素法分析  

Using carbon stable isotope ratio(δ^(13)C)to evaluate contribution of artificial feeds to growth of pond cultured juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)

作　　者：金波昌[1] 董双林[1] 田相利[1] 王芳[1] 高勤峰[1] 林光辉[2] 管建洪 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]中国科学院植物所生态与环境科学稳定同位素实验室,北京100093 [3]镇江市生态修复与特色生物资源增值利用工程技术研究中心,江苏镇江212125

出　　处：《水产学报》2013年第2期269-274,共6页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2011BAD13B03);国家自然科学基金项目(31172426);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(200905020)

摘　　要：为了解不同养殖密度下刺参对人工饲料的吸收利用情况,实验采用碳稳定同位素法研究人工饲料对刺参幼参生长的食物贡献率。实验采用室内水族箱与刺参养殖池塘内围隔相结合的方法,刺参幼参的初始体质量为(4.78±0.58)g,水族箱(100 cm×60 cm×60 cm)内10头幼参用人工饲料按5%刺参初始体质量(湿重)连续喂养60 d;参池围隔(长8.0 m×宽8.0 m×高1.9 m)内,投喂的实验组幼参在5、10、15、25和35 ind/m2的养殖密度下经人工饲料驯化后按5%刺参初始体质量(湿重)连续喂养6 d,同时设不投饲的对照组,各4个重复。结果显示,水族箱内的刺参幼参的体质量经人工饲料饲喂60 d后均显著增加,其特定生长率(SGR)为(2.73±0.57)%/d,其稳定碳同位素比值(δ13C值)由初始时的-18.633‰±0.552‰显著变化为-19.466‰±0.316‰(P=0.032)。围隔实验中,实验组和对照组刺参的最终体质量都呈现不断减小的趋势,但同一密度的实验组刺参最终体质量均高于对照组;实验组刺参幼参的δ13C值随着养殖密度的增大由-13.262‰±0.183‰减小为-15.102‰±0.189‰,人工饲料对幼参的食物贡献在最低密度5 ind/m2下为最小值3.78%±2.98%,在最高密度35 ind/m2下达到最大值为29.48%±3.31%。研究表明,利用碳稳定同位素法可有效分析刺参幼参的生长与摄食,人工饲料对刺参生长的贡献率随着养殖密度的增大显著增大(P<0.01),但比常见鱼虾等水产养殖品种要低得多,这与刺参自身摄食生理学特点、饲料质量、养殖模式及环境等多种因素相关。Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus （Selenka）is a typical deposit-feeder, that is, food came from some organic matter in sediment such as bacteria, prozotoa, benthic microalgae and detritus of macroalgae. Artificial feeds are applied in some areas for sea cucumber farming to increase production of the pond cultured sea cucumbers, however, to what extent the artificial feed contributes to their growth is still unclear. Study on the food sources by a traditional way of direct gut content analysis has limitations. Stable isotope is a predictable method to evaluate food sources of A. japonicus. The present experiments were conducted to estimate contribution of artificial feed to growth of sea cucumber at five different stocking densities （5,10,15,25 and 35 ind/m2 ） using a stable carbon isotope ratio （ δ13 C） tracer. Sea cucumbers with an average weight of（4.78 ±0.58）g were randomly assigned to the enclosures. The animals were fed with artificial feed at 8：00 every day, at a feeding rate of about 5% wet weight. There were 5 treatments and 3 replicates in the experiment that lasted for 6 months. The control treatments without feed were set simultaneously. A lab experiment with four plastic aquaria（ 100 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm） was conducted and feeding time and ration were the same as the pond experiment. The results showed that the final weight and gl3c value of sea cucumbers were affected markedly by both artificial feed and stocking density（P 〈 0.05 ）. With stocking density increasing, final weight of the animals decreased from （ 35.62 ± 3.50） g to （24.59 ± 4.38 ）g, and with stocking density increasing from 5 ind/m2 to 35 ind/m2 , the gt3C values of sea cucumbers decreased from -13. 262%0 to -15. 102%o（P 〈0.05）. Contributions of artificial feed to the growth of the sea cucumbers increased with increasing of stocking density,only 3.78% ± 2.98% at 5 ind/m2 to 29.48% ±3.31% at 35 ind/m2. Previous studies showed that artificial feed contributed 23.0% -61.6% to the growth of s

关 键 词：刺参 人工饲料 生长贡献率 碳稳定同位素比率(δ13C) 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]