西藏高寒牧区燕麦耗水量与灌溉制度初步研究  

A Preliminary Study on Water Consumption and Irrigation Schedule of Oat in Tibet

作　　者：徐冰[1] 田德龙[1] 郭克贞[1] 赵世昌[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2013年第3期57-59,62,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：中国水科院科研专项基金项目"西藏高寒牧区灌溉人工草地节水高产综合技术研究"

摘　　要：依据田间试验,以西藏高寒牧区典型人工牧草(燕麦)为研究对象,对其耗水规律、灌溉制度进行研究。结果表明,燕麦不同处理耗水量在283.7～380.24mm之间变化,各生育期耗水量与耗水模数总体变化呈现先升高拔节后降低抽穗再小幅回升的变化趋势。适宜作物-水模型为Stewart模型,水分敏感程度顺序为拔节～抽穗、分蘖～拔节、抽穗～刈割、出苗～分蘖。得到的理论灌溉制度灌水次数为1～4次,灌溉定额为516～1 551m3/hm2。应用ISAREG模型对非灌溉制度进行了优化,模型模拟精度较高,与充分灌溉相比,优化灌溉制度灌水量减少7.2%,减产率仅3.7%。该成果可初步用于西藏高寒牧区牧草灌溉制度制定和用水管理。According to field experiments, the water consumption law and irrigation schedule of oats, which is a typical pasture in alpine region, is studied in this research. The results show that the water consumption varies among 283.7-380. 24 mm under different treatment, and the trend of water consumption and water consumption modulus in the growth period is increase firstly, decrease after jointing, and rise slightly again after heading. The suitable crop-water model is Stewart model, and the order of moisture sensitivity is jointing to heading, tillering to jointing, heading to mowing, emergence to tillering. According to the theoretic irrigation schedule gained from the research, the irrigation times is 1 to 4, the irrigation quota is 516 to 1551 m^2/hm^2. The ISAREG model, which has high simulation accuracy, is used to optimize the deficit irrigation schedule. Comparing with sufficient irrigation, the irrigation water amount is decreased by 7. 2% with the only 3. 7% yield reduction ratio. The research result can be used in irrigation schedule deter- mination and water use management of pasture in alpine region of Tibet.

关 键 词：西藏 燕麦 耗水量 灌溉制度 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]