基于生态水位约束的下辽河平原地下水生态需水量估算  

Estimation of ecological water demands based on ecological water table limitations in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River Plain,China

作　　者：孙才志[1,2] 高颖[1] 朱正如[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院,大连116029 [2]辽宁省自然地理与空间信息科学重点实验室,大连116029

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第5期1513-1523,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40501013);辽宁省优秀人才项目(LR2010021)

摘　　要：以我国北方典型的大型地下水盆地——下辽河平原为研究对象,在考虑地下水蒸发特点基础上,统筹考虑对地下水依赖程度较高的天然草地、天然湿地和河流生态系统对于地下水位的要求,综合水文和生态两方面因素确定地下水生态水位;利用Golden surfer软件的体积计算功能,计算出研究区内全年各月的地下水生态需水量;采用正态信息扩散模型,运用月保证率法得到不同保证率、不同恢复等级下的年地下水生态需水量。结果表明:下辽河平原不同月份的地下水缺水量41.83×108—60.07×108m3、缺水区面积2.05×104—2.34×104km2、盈余水量2.73×108—6.68×108m3、盈余区面积0.30×104—0.59×104km2、地下水生态需水量35.15×108—57.33×108m3;经月保证率法整合后的年地下水生态需水量变化规律为,随着保证率的降低,地下水生态需水量不断增加,而需水量等级越高,需水量增加幅度越大。Groundwater is an important part of the global ecosystem. It strongly influences ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China and is the primary source of water for human use in northern China. This paper investigates a typical expansive groundwater basin -- the lower reaches of the Liaohe River Plain -- as a study area, which continues to experience rapid economic growth along with rapid development of the region＇ s groundwater resources. The groundwater has been and is being seriously depleted. Some hydrogeological problems in the system are becoming apparent and the area is experiencing significant water shortages. The ecological health of groundwater systems has become a serious issue in ecology and is receiving considerable attention from the general public. In consideration of the evaporation characteristics in this area, the requirements needed to maintain a healthy state of the water table for some ecosystems such as natural grasslands, natural wetlands and rivers are demonstrated; then an ecologically appropriate level of the groundwater table was determined based on hydrogeology and ecology. An ecological water table can be defined as the range of water table depths that can maintain a water supply for both human uses and for normal growth of natural vegetation. For example, in natural grassland the appropriate depth of an ecological water table in spring, summer and autumn is 3--4m, 2--3m and 3--4m, respectively; and in winter, the appropriate depth of an ecological water table only needs to meet the needs of the hydrogeological limit. As for natural wetlands, the depth of the ecological water table in spring, summer, autumn and winter is 0.5-0. 8m, 0.3-0. 5m, 0.5-0. 8m and 1.0m, respectively. Based on a comparison of the ecological water table and the actual water table, Golden Surfer software was applied to calculate the ecological water demand for the restoration of the groundwater system on a monthly scale. This paper adopts the guarantee rate method to delimit five levels of

关 键 词：下辽河平原 地下水生态水位 地下水生态需水 信息扩散技术 

分 类 号：P641.8[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]