根系分区水肥耦合对大棚甜瓜产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Cantaloup Under Alternate Root Partition Drip

作　　者：赵志华[1] 李建明[1] 张大龙[1] 李军[1] 贾笑蕊[2] 徐菲[1] 宋晓晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西安石油大学计算机学院,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2013年第6期35-40,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家"863"计划资助项目(2011AA100504)

摘　　要：以厚皮甜瓜"一品天下208"为试材,采用根系分区交替滴灌和沟施肥的水肥耦合方式,研究了灌水上限及施肥量对甜瓜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:提高灌水上限可以显著促进甜瓜植株生长及根系活力、增加果肉厚度,而对果实营养物质的含量及产量先提高后降低;同一灌水上限,双侧施肥或多施肥更有利于甜瓜植株生长及根系活力、果肉厚度、果实营养物质含量及产量的增大;根系两侧交替水肥耦合比始终单侧水肥耦合更有利于植株生长及根系活力、果肉厚度、果实营养物质含量及产量的增大。但并非水分越多越利于叶面积、根系活力及产量的增大,其应该有一个最佳灌水上限;水分亏缺且低肥情况下,始终单侧水肥耦合与交替水肥耦合对叶面积、根系活力及产量的影响差异性不显著;充足的水分可以减小低肥与高肥对叶面积影响的差异性。T5(灌水上限85%,交替灌溉,施氮120kg/hm2、施P2O5150kg/hm2、施K2O180kg/hm2,双侧施肥)的水肥耦合方案最为高效、优质。Taking ‘Yipintianxia 208’ cantaloup variety as materials,the effects of water-fertilizer coupling on growth, yield and quality of cantaloup under the conditions of alternate root partition and drip irrigation were investigated,irrigation maximum and fertilizer amount as the two factors were studied. The results showed that plant growth, root activity and pulp thickness increased with irrigation maximum increased,but the content of nutrition and yield first increased and then decreased. At the same irrigation maximum, double side fertilizing or more fertilizer did good to plant growth, root activity,pulp thickness, content of nutrition and yield. Alternate water and fertilizer coupling was better than always unilateral coupling to increase plant growth,root activity, pulp thickness, content of nutrition and yield. But there should be the best irrigation maximum for leaf area,root activity and yield. On the occasion of water deficit and low fertility, alternate water-fertilizer coupling and always unilateral coupling had inapparent effect on leaf area,root activity and yield. Enough water could diminish the difference of effect on leaf area between high fertility and low fertility. The T5 （irragation maximums 85 %, alternate drip irrigation, nitrogen application 120 kg/hm2, P2 O5150 kg/hm^2, K2 O 180 kg/ hm^2, double side fertilizing）of water-fertilizer coupling was the best plan for high quality and high efficiency.

关 键 词：根系分区 交替滴灌 水肥耦合 大棚甜瓜 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S652.2[农业科学—果树学]