两重人格抑或精神分裂?——对陀思妥耶夫斯基小说《双重人格》的考察  

Dual Personality or Schizophrenia?——A Study on Dostoevsky's Novel The Double

作　　者：徐振[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2013年第1期78-83,共6页Russian Literature & Arts

摘　　要：本文通过对《双重人格》这部小说的母题以及与这一母题相关的"两重人格"等相关概念进行考察后认为,陀氏小说中大戈利亚德金和小戈利亚德金共存这种现象并非是一种简单的善恶二元对立抑或神性人性二重属性等,用人格分裂判定更是一种不准确的表述。笔者对人格面具、两重(多重)人格及精神分裂等概念进行了辨析后认为陀氏这部小说中的人物不同于西方文学中表现双重人的传统母题,其独到处在于作家的笔触已经涉入病理性精神分裂的领域。另外,笔者通过追踪小说中医学博士伊万诺维奇对主人公三次凝视的变化过程判定了戈利亚德金精神分裂的自我确证之路,摆脱了两重人格和二元对立这类模式化的评判思维。This paper examines the motif of The Double and other concepts related to the motif like ＂double personality＂ and holds the view that the phenomenon of the two Golyadkins coexisting in one body in Dostoyevsky＇ s novel The Double is not a mere dualistic opposition between good and evil, or a dual attribute of divinity and humanity, and that schizophrenia isn＇t an exact term to describe it. After analyzing such concepts as the personality mask, double （multiple） personality and schizophrenia, the author believes that the characters in Dostoevsky＇ s The Double are different from the double personality representing the traditional motif in western literature and that the writing of the novel involves psychopathology. In addition, through tracing the changing process of Ivanovich＇ s gazing on three different occasions, the author of this paper, freeing himself from the routinized mode of judgment such as double personality and dualistic opposition, concludes that the changing course is just the self confirmation of Golyadkin＇ s schizophrenia.

关 键 词：陀思妥耶夫斯基 双重人格 精神分裂 

分 类 号：I512.074[文学—其他各国文学]