面向网络的操作系统——现状和挑战  

Network-oriented operating systems:status and challenges

作　　者：梅宏[1] 郭耀[1] 

机构地区：[1]高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室,北京大学信息科学技术学院软件研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《中国科学：信息科学》2013年第3期303-321,共19页Scientia Sinica(Informationis)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2009CB320703);国家高技术研究发展计划(批准号:2011AA01A202);国家自然科学基金(批准号:60821003;61103026)资助项目

摘　　要：操作系统是计算机系统中最为关键的一层系统软件.长期以来,操作系统发展的主线是面向单机,追求更好地发挥计算机硬件的计算能力,同时为上层应用和用户提供更友好易用的接口.随着网络技术的发展,如何更好地支持网络构成了操作系统发展的一个重要辅线.近年来,由于互联网的迅速普及,面向网络的操作系统得到了广泛的关注,并逐渐成为操作系统发展的新主线.为了更好地管理互联网上的分布海量资源,同时为互联网时代的新型应用和服务提供支持,操作系统技求正在产生许多重要的变革.本文简要回顾了操作系统的发展历史,分析了在互联网时代操作系统面临的主要挑战.在总结现有面向网络的操作系统的研究进展的基础上,讨论了其主要特点和未来发展趋势.最后,也介绍了我们在此领域针对网构软件的研发尝试.The operating system represents a key system software layer in a computer system. The main thread of operating system development has been single-machine-oriented with the goal being to improve the performance of computation hardware, and provide friendlier and easier-to-use interfaces for applications and users. With the development of networking technology, networking support in operating systems has become an important auxiliary development thread. Owing to the rapid popularization of the Internet, network-oriented operating systems have attracted widespread attention and have become the main thread in operating system development. To manage the vast distributed data on the Internet and provide better support for new applications and services in the Internet era, operating system technology is undergoing significant evolution. This paper first provides a brief review of the development history of operating systems, including the history and development of operating systems for individual machines, as well as operating systems and middleware support in a networked environment. We also analyze the main challenges of operating systems in the Internet era. After summarizing the research progress of existing network-oriented operating systems in both academia anti industry, we discuss their main characteristics and future development trends. Finally, we introduce our proposal in this area focusing on lnternetware.

关 键 词：操作系统 互联网 中间件 网络操作系统 网构软件 

分 类 号：TP316[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]