N_2O增加对大气环境影响的模拟及其与甲烷和平流层水汽影响的比较  

Simulation of influence of N_2O's increase on atmospheric environment and comparison with the influences of methane and stratospheric water vapor

作　　者：毕云[1] 许利[1] 周任君[1] 陈月娟[1] 易明建[1] 邓淑梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,合肥230026 [2]安徽省气象科学研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2013年第1期38-46,共9页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB428603)资助

摘　　要：本文利用美国国家大气环境中心(NCAR)的二维化学、辐射和动力相互作用的模式(SOCRATES),模拟了大气中N2O增加对O3和温度的影响,并从化学、辐射和动力过程讨论了影响原因,此外还与大气甲烷和平流层水汽增加对大气环境的影响进行了对比.分析表明:大气中N2O浓度增加以后,将通过化学过程引起30km以上O3损耗,30～40km损耗较多;30km以上降温明显,下平流层中低纬度地区以及对流层O3增加并有微弱升温;30～40km附近,北半球中高纬地区O3减少以及降温幅度都大于南半球.对流层升温主要是N2O和O3增加所致,而平流层温度变化主要受O3控制.北半球中高纬地区动力过程对温度变化的反馈较其它地区明显,这种反馈对平流层中高层北半球中高纬地区温度和O3的变化都有明显影响.大气中甲烷增加引起的O3损耗在45km以上,45km以下O3增加.平流层水汽增加会引起40km以上O3减少,20～40km大部分地区O3增加.N2O增加造成的O3损耗正好位于臭氧层附近,其排放对未来O3层恢复至关重要.N2O增加引起下平流层15～25km中低纬度地区有弱的升温,这与其它温室气体增加对该地区温度的影响不同,CO2,CH4和H2O等增加后下平流层通常是降温.A sensitivity experiment, with the increasing N20 volume mixing ratio, was carried out to study the influence o{ an increase of N20 on 03 and temperature using the 2D interactive chemical radiative dynamical （SCORATES） model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and the reasons for 03 and temperature change were analyzed from chemistry, radiation and dynamical processes. Moreover, the differences in influences on the atmospheric environment of methane and water vapor increase as well as N20 increases were compared. The results show that when NzO concentration increases, the chemical process results in 03 depletion over 30 km, and the high value appear between 30 and 40 kin. The cooling is obvious over 30 kin, the 03 increase and slight warming appear at middle-lower latitudes in the lower stratosphere and troposphere. The extents of ozone decrease and eool.itag over 30 ~ 40 km are larger at middle-high latitudes in the North Hemisphere than in the South Hemisphere. The tropospheric warming is mainly caused by the increases of N2O and O3, while the temperature change in the stratosphere is mainly dominated by O3. The dynamical feedback to temperature change is more distinct at middle-high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere than in other regions and significantly affects temperature and ozone in the middle-high stratosphere at middle-high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Whereas the O3 depletion caused by methane increase appears above 45 km, and the Oa increases below 45 km. The stratospheric water vapor increase can result in the O3 depletion above 40 km, and the Oa increases in the most of between 20 and 40 km. The Oa depletion caused by N20 increase appears right near the Oa layer, and its emission is very important to the future O3 layer recovery. The slight warming caused by N20 increase appears from 15 to 25 km at middle and low latitudes, however the increase in CO2, CH4, and stratospheric water vapor can respectively lead to cooling there.

关 键 词：温室气体 臭氧 平流层化学 剩余环流 NCAR模式 

分 类 号：P421[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]