超高产冬小麦对钾的吸收、积累和分配  

Absorption,accumulation and distribution of potassium in super highly-yielding winter wheat

作　　者：党红凯[1,2] 李瑞奇[1] 李雁鸣[1] 孙亚辉[1,3] 张馨文[1] 孟建[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071000 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000 [3]河北联合大学轻工学院,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2013年第2期274-287,共14页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目“粮食丰产科技工程”课题(2006BAD02A08,2011BAD16B08)资助

摘　　要：为明确超高产(9000 kg/hm2左右)冬小麦的钾营养特点和为确定施钾技术提供理论依据,2004～2005年、2005～2006年通过田间试验在2个小麦生长季分别种植4个品种,在小麦生长的各生育时期取植株样品,分析不同器官钾的浓度。结果表明,小麦全生育期地上部不同器官中钾(K2O)浓度为0.21%～3.84%(干重)。各器官均是在形成初期或早期含钾量最高,之后直到成熟期都在不同程度地下降。各生育时期钾浓度最高的器官随生长中心转移而更替。在所有器官中,开花前叶片中钾的积累量和分配率最高,其中拔节前钾在叶片中的分配率达50%或以上;开花后茎秆中钾的积累量和分配率最高,成熟期钾在茎秆中的分配率达35.6%～45.3%。同一年份不同品种各器官的钾浓度及全生育期钾的总积累量有一定差异,但差异不显著,表明产量在9000 kg/hm2左右的不同品种具有相似的钾素营养特性。小麦植株对钾的总积累量在开花期达到最高值为181.7～230.7 kg/hm2,每生产100kg籽粒需吸收钾2.0～2.6 kg,钾生产效率为35.36～55.58 kg/kg。小麦对钾的吸收以生育中期(起身至开花)最高,前期(出苗至起身)次之,后期(开花至成熟)为负积累。根据本研究小麦钾素的营养特点,在小麦秸秆还田基础上,9000 kg/hm2左右超高产小麦的钾肥施用量应不低于K2O 90 kg/hm2。In order to clarify the characteristics of potassium nutrition in super highly-yielding （ I〉 9000 kg/ha） winter wheat, and to provide experimental basis for potassium application, field experiments were conducted in Gaocheng County, Hebei Province from 2004 to 2006. Four winter wheat cultivars, Shimail4, Shimail2, Jifeng703 and Shixin828 during 2004-2005, and four cultivars, Temail, Shimai12, Shixin531 and Shixin828 during 2005-2006, were used as experimental cuhivars. Plant samples were collected from the plots at different growth stages and used to determine potassium concentration in laboratory. The results show that the concentrations of potassium （K2O） in various above-ground organs of wheat are from 0. 21% to 3.84% （dry weight） during the whole growing period. For the above-ground organs, the highest concentrations of potassium appear as early as they formed or at their early period of life, then the concentrations of potassium decrease until the maturity. The organs with the highest concentration of potassium succeed with the turnover of growth center at various growth stages. Before the anthesis, the accumulation amount and distribution percentage of potassium in leaf blades are the highest among all organs, and the distribution percentage of potassium in leaf blades can reach to 50% or higher before thejointing. After the anthesis, however, the accumulation amount and distribution percentage of potassium in stems are the highest, and the distribution percentage of potassium in stems are from 35.6%-45.3% at the maturity. The concentrations of potassium in various organs and the total accumulation amounts of potassium during the growing period for different wheat cultivars in a growing year are different, but usually insignificant, which indicate similar characteristics of potassium nutrition for different cultivars with the yield ≥ 9000 kg/ha. The total accumulation amount of potassium in wheat plants reaches the highest value 181.7-230. 7 kg/ha at the anthesis. The amount of potassium req

关 键 词：超高产 冬小麦 钾 吸收 积累 分配 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]