医用超高分子量聚乙烯的改性及其摩擦学特点  

Medical ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene modification and tribological characteristics

作　　者：司庆宗[1] 安晓莉[1] 安应飞[1] 刘斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学口腔医学院,甘肃省兰州市730000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2013年第3期496-500,共5页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(lzujbky-2012-160;lzujbky-2011-96)~~

摘　　要：背景:超高分子量聚乙烯因其自身优良的理化性能而被广泛应用于医学领域中的人工关节置换。目的:概述医用超高分子量聚乙烯应用于人工关节假体的摩擦磨损性能及其改性研究进展。方法:以"超高分子量聚乙烯、人工关节假体、摩擦磨损机制、摩削";"Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene,UHMWPE,artificial joint prosthetics,mechanism of friction and wear,wear debris"为关键词,检索1970至2012年ISI数据库、PubMed数据库,1979至2012年CNKI数据库、万方数据库及维普科技期刊数据库中有关医用超高分子量聚乙烯作为人工关节假体的自身摩擦磨损及改性研究。结果与结论:研究证实超高分子量聚乙烯的主要摩擦磨损机制为磨粒磨损、黏附磨损和疲劳磨损。针对其低耐摩擦性能,目前实验室可以通过无机填料改性法,包括羟基磷灰石、氧化锆、炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管等,交联法包括有机硅氧烷偶联剂交联和各种离子辐射等方法进行改性,并在各种模拟环境下所进行的摩擦磨损测试,结果证明这些改性后的材料耐磨性能均得到了不同程度提高。对医用超高分子量聚乙烯应用于人工关节假体的摩擦磨损实验研究体系主要包括摩擦磨损模拟试验机、润滑体液、磨损、磨屑的测定和评价等。BACKGROUND： Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has been used widely for the artificial joint prosthetics due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, which includes the hip and knee joint in the medicine field.OBJECTIVE： To summarize the progress in the modification and tribological studies of medical ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in recent years.METHODS： The literatures, regarding to the modification and tribological studies of medical ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, were searched by a computer in ISI and PubMed databases from 1970 to 2012 as well as in CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database from 1979 to 2012, respectively. The keywords were ＂ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE, artificial joint prosthetics, mechanism of friction and wear, wear debris＂ in English and Chinese, respectively. The repetitive researches were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The results prove that the abrasive wear, adhesion wear and fatigue wear are the main mechanisms of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Because of its low wear resistance, many methods have been used to enhance its tribologicel properties, including inorganic filling （such as hydroxyapatite, zirconium oxide, carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes）, and the crosslinking （such as organic silane coupling and variety of ionizing radiations）, Moreover, the results demonstrate that the wear resistance of the modified materials was improved to different extents in all kinds of joint simulator environment. This paper also expounds the friction mechanism and some wear means of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, such as joint simulator, lubrication system, the measurement and evaluation of wear and wear debris.

关 键 词：生物材料 生物材料综述 超高分子量聚乙烯 人工关节假体 摩擦磨损机制 磨屑 其他基金 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]