福建漳江口繁殖期鹭科鸟类觅食及巢位空间生态位分离  

Feeding and Nest Site Niche Separation During the Breeding Period of Ardeid Birds in Zhangjiang Estuary,Fujian Province,China

作　　者：谭飞[1,2] 林英华[2] 张明海[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《野生动物》2013年第2期79-83,100,共6页

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFINT2010K08)

摘　　要：依据2012年4～5月在漳江口红树林自然保护区及其周边区域对繁殖期鹭科鸟类种类、数量、巢位情况、觅食生境类型调查数据,运用生态位理论,对5种鹭科鸟类的生态位分离进行了分析。结果表明:在漳江口地区繁殖的鹭科鸟类数量共计有2 439只,其中白鹭为该地区的优势种,数量1 422只,占到所有鹭科鸟类的58.29%;鹭科鸟类的巢位表现出明显的水平分布规律和对红树树种的选择性,通过错开繁殖的高峰期,利用不同的食物资源,在不同的时间段觅食以及在不同的生境觅食4个方式,对食物资源进行合理的分配,从而使不同鹭科鸟类都能够占据一定的繁殖空间。红树林的结构决定了鹭科鸟类的巢位空间分布。生境类型的多样性为鹭科鸟类提供了多样的食物来源,为生态位分离提供了保障。不同鹭科鸟类占据不同的生态位,减弱了种间的竞争,提高了鸟类群落的多样性。We analyzed niche separation of 5 ardeid bird species using the Niche Theory, based on investigation of the birds, including numbers of species, population size, nest -sites, and feeding habitat from April to May 2012. There were 2 439 ar- deid birds in Zhangjiang Estuary, including Little Egret （ 1422, 58.29% ） , the dominant species. Nest - sites of ardeids showed significant horizontal distribution and preferences for different plants in mangroves. Ardeids partitioned food resources by staggering the breeding peak, using different food resources, feeding at different times and in different habitats. The struc- ture of the mangrove determines the spatial distribution of nests. The diversity of habitat provided abundant and diverse food sources for ardeids and guaranteed niche separation. Different ardeid species occupied different niches, which decreased inter- specific competition and increased bird community diversity.

关 键 词：生态位分离 鹭科鸟类 漳江口 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]