大熊猫的行为发育及饲养管理中的影响因素  

Behavioral Development of Giant Panda and Influencing Factors in Husbandry Management

作　　者：周晓[1] 黄炎[1] 黄金燕[1] 周世强[1] 刘巅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国保护大熊猫研究中心,卧龙623000

出　　处：《野生动物》2013年第2期106-110,共5页

摘　　要：大熊猫是濒危的孑遗物种,多数时间独居在深山密林里。由于研究野生大熊猫个体行为极为不易,同时饲养管理实践中发现存在行为多样性降低、行为异常导致繁殖障碍等问题,因此,研究大熊猫个体的行为发育特点对了解和保护这一珍稀物种具有重要意义。本文介绍了圈养大熊猫个体在幼仔、亚成体、成体和老年4个阶段的行为发育,涉及的行为类型有取食、声音、刻板行为、运动、玩耍、标记等:总结了饲养管理中影响大熊猫行为发育的因素,主要有来源、断奶方式、圈舍条件、社群交流、营养、管理方式等。采取延长哺乳时间、增加圈舍面积、模拟自然环境等措施有利于大熊猫行为的正常发育;为大熊猫的行为学研究、圈养大熊猫的饲养管理、圈养大熊猫野化培训和放归研究提供参考资料。Giant panda is an endangered relic species that occupies deep mountains and forests, and for most of its lifetime lives in isolation. Because behavioral studies in the field are too difficult, issues including reduced behavioral diversity and re- productive failure caused by abnormal behaviors are observed in captive populations. It is important to describe behavioral de- velopment in giant panda and apply the knowledge to conservation. Here, we describe the behavioral traits at four developmen- tal stages （ infancy, sub - adult, adult and old ） of giant panda. Behavior types mainly included foraging, sound, stereotypic behavior, movement, playing and marking. We also discuss factors influencing behavioral development are also discussed here, including resource, weaning time, cage condition, communication, nutrient and management mode. To benefit normal behavioral development, some measures, such as extending the nursing period, enlarging enclosures, making the environment more natural, are recommended. This information is useful for behavioral study and captive management, wildness training and reintroduction of captive giant panda.

关 键 词：大熊猫 行为发育 饲养管理 影响因素 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]