基于疏散效率分析的过道隔栏优化设置研究  

Research on Optimal Setting of Passageway Railing Based on Evacuation Efficiency

作　　者：张兰香[1] 刘梦婷[1] 陈增强[1] 郑小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学,北京100029

出　　处：《电子科技大学学报（社科版）》2013年第1期34-39,共6页Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB706900)

摘　　要：论文通过建立改进的地板场模型,模拟地铁站内扶梯口设置有过道隔栏的场景下的人群疏散过程,对过道隔栏的作用及其长度设置进行了研究。改进的模型中,放弃静态场值原有的"距离"含义,以"时间长短"重新定义静态场值大小;根据疏散设施的特殊性对疏散者不同行走速率进行了控制。得到以下结论:1)过道隔栏并不总是阻碍疏散者的通行,在一定条件下可以提高效率并减少疏散安全隐患;2)应对日常所需,地铁站中过道隔栏的长度宜为走廊长度的60%,但是在突发事件或者人员恐慌的情形下过道隔栏长度宜为走廊长度。3)自动扶梯运行速率越慢,或疏散群体间的冲突程度较高,过道隔栏的长度应设置相对较长。4)低人群密度下过道隔栏的设置对自动扶梯和楼梯的通行能力起到明显的均衡作用,高人群密度下则主要缓解了出口重新选择带来的冲突加剧。The optimal setting of passageway railing is studied by the evacuation simulations in a subway station using a modified floor field model. In the modified floor field, the value of static field is redefined as the time instead of the distance to the exit. A control mechanism for the speed of evacuees is introduced in view of the specificity of the stair and escalator. Based on the analysis of evacuation efficiency, the main conclusions are as follows. First, passageway railing is not always an obstacle in the evacuation, but, on the contrary, it reduces the hidden danger and improves efficiency in a certain condition. Second, an optimal length of passageway railing is suggested to be 60% of the passageway in normal times while 100% in case of emergency or panic. Third, the lower running speed of escalator or the higher degree of conflict is, the longer the length of passageway railing is. Finally, the setting of passageway railing plays a part in balancing the capacity of stair and escalator mainly at low density, while alleviating the conflicts which result from exit reselection at high density.

关 键 词：自动扶梯 出口选择 地板场 最优值 

分 类 号：X928.9[环境科学与工程—安全科学]