冰雹对葡萄植株的伤害及防雹措施  

Hurt of hail to grapevine and anti-hail measures

作　　者：刘俊[1,2] 李敬川[1,2] 宫英振[1,2] 张东风[1,2] 汉瑞峰[1,2] 王惠芝[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北省林木良种工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050061 [2]河北省林业科学研究院,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《经济林研究》2012年第4期129-133,共5页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：林业行业公益专项(200909043)

摘　　要：为了研究冰雹对葡萄植株的伤害及架设防雹网对葡萄植株的保护效果,以"牛奶、红地球、龙眼、赤霞珠、蛇龙珠、梅鹿辄"等品种的葡萄为试材,用硬度计测定了果皮、叶片及新梢节间等部位对外力的耐受压强,推导了在架设防雹网前后冰雹降落至葡萄架面时所产生的撞击压强的差异。结果表明:葡萄的不同部位所能承受的压强各不相同,果皮的抗撕裂压强最大,其次是新梢节间,叶片最容易受到冰雹损害。从高空直接降落的直径为0.3～0.7 cm的冰雹会对葡萄叶片、嫩梢造成伤害,直径为0.8 cm及以上规格的冰雹则会对葡萄植株的所有器官造成伤害。在架设防雹网后,当冰雹撞击防雹网网线后再次下落撞击葡萄时,大都不足以对葡萄形成伤害,只有直径达到3 cm的大冰雹才会再次造成伤害,而此种规格的冰雹可全部被拦截在网上。试验结果表明,架设防雹网对葡萄植株的保护效果极为显著。In order to estimate hurt of hail to grapevine and research protective effect of anti-hail net,, the tolerance pressure for peel, leaf and new shoot intemode was investigated by using clerometer, taking Milk, Red Globe, Longyan, Cabemet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gemischet and Merlot varieties as materials. Difference of pressures on grapevine from hail between with and without anti-hail net was derived. The results show that the resistance to pressure on various parts of grapevine is different, and the order of resistance to pressure from high to low is peel, new shoot internode, leaf. The directly falling hail of 0.3-0.7 cm can hurt grape leaf and new shoot, while the hail over 0.8 cm can hurt all organs of grape. Under the anti-hail net, the secondly falling hail is insufficient to injury grapevine, and the hail ove~ 3 cm with secondly hurt can he hold up on the anti-hail net. The anti-hail net has a significant protection effect for grapevine.

关 键 词：葡萄 冰雹 防雹网 伤害 防护措施 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]