东亚成年监护制度的比较  

A Contrastive Study of Guardianship in East Asian Countries

作　　者：冈孝 李国强[2] 

机构地区：[1]日本学习院大学法学部 [2]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2013年第2期124-131,共8页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：日本、韩国、中国台湾地区对法定监护都采取了区分类型保护的模式。中国学者梁慧星教授的民法草案第二次建议稿也采取了同样的模式。日本在监护、保佐之外新设了辅助这一成年监护类型。辅助没有限制由于精神障碍而欠缺事理辨析能力的被辅助人的行为能力,被辅助人仍有可能授予辅助人代理权。韩国的特定监护是在被监护人满足成年监护和限定监护的实质要件的情形下,在被监护人对暂时性事务或是特定事务有必须予以辅助的情形时仍然可以请求特定监护。需要注意的是,韩国的特定监护制度不是根据判断能力的衰退程度而决定的阶段性保护类型的一种。任意监护,是允许被监护人为了应对将来的判断能力减退而想在现在早作准备的法律制度。为了保证本人缔结合同时的意思能力,任意监护合同必须要通过公证证书的方式进行。任意监护从选任任意监护监督人时开始生效。通过任意监护监督人的监督来防止任意监护人滥用权限,家庭法院实施间接监督。Legal custody system is divided into several types in Japan,Korea and Taiwan.Type division is also employed by Liang Huixing in his second proposal of Civil Law Draft.In Japan there is a new type of guardianship in addition to legal and physical custody.It is assistance,which means the capacity for civil liability of the guarded with no reasoning ability because of mental disorder is not limited and the guarded can still grant attorneyship to the guardian.The specific guardianship in Korea means if the person under guardianship satisfies the condition of adult guardianship and limited guardianship,he or she can still apply for specific guardianship which is necessary for some specific affairs or temporary affairs.It should be noted that this type does not fall into the category of phased guardianship decided by judgment decline level of the person under guardianship.Arbitrary guardianship is the system allowing the person under guardianship to take early actions to cope with possible future judgment decline.To protect the intent capacity of the guarded,arbitrary contract must be concluded through notarial deed.Arbitrary guardianship begins to come into effect at the moment when the arbitrary guardian is appointed.To prevent the guardian from abusing his authority,a supervisor is assigned and the family court will supervise indirectly as well.

关 键 词：东亚 成年监护 法定监护 任意监护 比较研究 

分 类 号：D93[政治法律—法学] D913