生物有机肥对田间蔬菜根际土壤中病原菌和功能菌组成的影响  

EFFECT OF BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON PATHOGENIC AND FUNCTIONAL BACTERIA COMPOSITION IN RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL OF FIELD VEGETABLES

作　　者：张鹏[1] 王小慧[1] 李蕊[1] 冉炜[1] 沈其荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部长江中下游植物营养与施肥重点实验室,江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化利用重点实验室,南京农业大学,南京210095

出　　处：《土壤学报》2013年第2期381-387,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑项目(BE2009347);国家基础研究发展规划“973”项目(2011CB100503);广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2010B090400431)资助

摘　　要：利用实时荧光定量PCR方法对田间条件下连作番茄和辣椒施用生物有机肥(BOF)和常规施肥(CK)的根际土壤微生物中青枯病原菌和功能菌群(固氮菌和荧光假单胞菌)的数量进行定量研究。结果表明:与CK相比,BOF处理的番茄和辣椒产量分别提高了26.0%和19.9%,青枯病发病率分别降低了41.5%和44.7%,番茄和辣椒植株根际土壤固氮菌数量分别增加了23.5%和25.8%、荧光假单胞菌数量分别增加了29.5%和20.2%、病原菌数量分别减少了73.2%和90.1%。生物有机肥能够调控根际微生物区系的组成,降低土传病害的发病率,促进作物健康生长;实时荧光定量PCR方法能够快速准确地检测根际土壤中功能微生物种群数量变化。Populations of pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum and functional bacteria groups in the rhizospheric soils of continuous cropping tomato and pepper applied with a kind of bio-organic fertilizer （BOF） and with conventional fertil- izer （CK） were studied using the real-time quantitative PCR techniques. As compared with CK, BOF increased the yields of tomato and pepper by 26.0% and 19.9% , respectively, and decreased the incidence of bacterial wilt on tomato and pepper by 41.5% and 44.7% , respectively. BOF increased the population of Azotobacter and Pseudomonasflurosecens by 23.5% and 29.5% , and by 25.8% and 20.2% , and decreased the population of R. solanacearum by 73.2% and by 90.1% , respectively, in the rhizospheric soil of healthy tomato and pepper. In conclusion, the bio-organic fertilizer is ca- pable of regulating the composition of microflora in rhizosphere soil of crops, reducing the incidence of soil-borne plant disease, and promoting plant growth. Real time PCR techniques are quick and accurate in determination of the population of functional microbes in soil.

关 键 词：荧光定量PCR 生物有机肥 根际土壤 青枯病 固氮菌 荧光假单胞菌 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]