氨基酸肥料对‘夏黑’葡萄叶片光合特性与果实品质的影响  

Effects of an amino acid fertilizer on the leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality of'Summer Black'grape

作　　者：谢荔[1] 成学慧[1] 冯新新[1] 杨涛 张治平[1] 汪良驹[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏藏缘农业发展有限公司,江苏南通226263

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2013年第2期31-37,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD);国家农业综合开发土地治理省级科技推广项目(2012KJ-56)

摘　　要：以‘夏黑’葡萄为材料,研究了叶面喷施不同稀释倍数(600、800和1 000倍)氨基酸肥料对叶片光合气体交换参数、叶绿素快速荧光特性、生长发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明:稀释后氨基酸肥料均能显著提高叶片叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),其中,经处理的叶片Pn比对照高出1倍以上。氨基酸肥料处理后,葡萄叶片表观量子效率(AQY)明显升高,光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)呈下降趋势。叶绿素快速荧光测定显示,处理叶片光合性能指数(包括PIABS、PICS和PITOTAL)、PSⅡ反应中心用于电子传递的量子产额(φEo)以及捕获激子将电子传递到电子传递链QA-下游其他电子受体的概率(Ψo)等均明显提高,PSⅡ反应中心最大关闭速率(Mo)、K相可变荧光占J相可变荧光的比例(Wk)和用于热耗散的量子比率(φDo)显著降低。氨基酸肥料处理后,葡萄叶面积、单穗果粒数、单粒质量、果皮花青苷、果实可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量等均显著提高,而可滴定酸含量显著下降。相比而言,稀释800倍肥液的促进效果最好,其果实花青苷和可溶性糖含量分别比对照提高119%和60.06%。The experiments were conducted with＇Summer Black＇ grapes to study the effects an amino acid fertilizer diluted 600,800 and 1 000 folds on the leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality. The results showed that all treatments significantly raised the relative content of chlorophyll ,the net photosynthetic rate（ Pn ）, stomatal conductance （Gn）, transpiration rate （T,）, apparent quantum yield （AQY） ,and somewhat decreased light compensation point（LCP） and dark respiration （Rd ）of the grape leaves. Compared with the control, the P. became more than doubled. Measurements of chlorophyll fast fluorescence revealed that, the photosynthetic performance indexes based on absorption （ PIA,s ） or cross section （ PICS ）, or the total including PS I and PS II （ PITOTAL ）, the probability of a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA （φn） and quantum yield of electron transport（φEn ）were all significantly improved but the approximate initial slope of the fluorescence transient（ Mn ）, the amplitude of the K step（ Wk ）and the proposition of energy dissipation through heat（ φDn ）were all significantly depressed compared with the control. Fertilizer treatments significantly promoted the leaf areas and fruit quality. The leaf areas, the berry weight, the anthocyanin content,the total soluble solids and the soluble sugars （SS）were all increased, but the titratable acid （TA）decreased. Thus, the treated grapes possessed higher ratio of SS to TA and better quality. The treatment of 800 fold dilution increased anthocyanin content by 119% and soluble sugars by 60.06% respectively,which was considered to be the best.

关 键 词：氨基酸肥料 ALA 葡萄 光合作用 叶绿素荧光 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]