专用生物有机肥对营养钵西瓜苗生长和根际微生物区系的影响  

Effects of bio-organic fertilizers on the growth and rhizosphere microflora of watermelon plants in nursery pots

作　　者：邓开英[1] 凌宁[1] 张鹏[1] 高雪莲[1] 沈其荣[1] 黄启为[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部长江中下游植物营养与肥料重点实验室/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2013年第2期103-109,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部948计划项目(2011-G27);江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2009347;BE2010351)

摘　　要：采用营养钵试验和室内分析相结合的方法探讨施用西瓜专用生物有机肥(BIO)对营养钵西瓜苗的促生效果及对西瓜根际土壤微生物区系的影响。结果表明:施用BIO的西瓜苗地上部干质量分别是施用有机肥(OF)和化肥(CF)的2.59倍和2.15倍,西瓜苗根系干质量分别是OF和CF的2.14倍和1.56倍,且差异均显著。施用BIO的西瓜苗根系总根长、根系表面积、根系总体积、根尖数和根平均直径数量均显著高于OF和CF。施用BIO的西瓜苗根际土壤中细菌(bacteria)、放线菌(actinomyces)和多黏芽孢杆菌(Panibacillus polymyxa)的数量均显著高于OF和CF,其中多黏芽孢杆菌数量是CF的31.9倍,而真菌数量显著低于OF和CF。DGGE分析表明:施用BIO的西瓜苗根际土壤中细菌多样性指数最高,真菌多样性指数最低;施用CF的西瓜苗根际细菌多样性指数最低。结论:营养钵中施用BIO能显著改善根际土壤微生物区系,培育发达的西瓜根系,促进西瓜苗健壮生长。Pot experiments and laboratory analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of nursery application of bio-organic fertilizer（BIO） on the growth and rhizosphere microflora of watermelon. The following results were obtained： the biomass of watermelon was significantly increased by the application of BIO compared with organic fertilizer（OF） and chemical fertilizer（CF）. The shoot dry-weights of watermelon plants by the application of BIO were 2.59 and 2.15 times higher and the root dry-weights of watermelon plants in BIO were 2. 14 and 1.56 times higher than the OF and the CF, respectively. The length, surface area, total volume,tips and average dia of roots by the application of BIO were significantly higher than the OF and the CF. The numbers of bacteria, actinomyces and Panibacillus polymyxa were significantly increased by the application of BIO compared with the OF and the CF, moreover, the number of Panibacillus polymyxa by the application of BIO was 31.9 times higher than the CF. The number of fungi was significantly decreased by the application of BIO. Changes of microbial diversity were observed in watermelon rhizosphere between different treatments detected by DGGE methods. There were more kinds of bacteria and fewer kinds of fungi by the application of BIO than the OF and the CF. The results concluded that the application of BIO in nursery could increase root system characteristics and promote the plant growth by regulating microflora in the rhizosphere soil.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 根际土壤微生物区系 西瓜根系 DGGE Real—time PCR 

分 类 号：S144.1[农业科学—肥料学]