全膜双垄沟播与秸秆还田技术对土壤理化特性及玉米产量的影响  

Effect of Full Coverage on Double Ridges with Furrow Planting and Stalk Returned to Field Technology on Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Maize Yield

作　　者：徐文强[1] 熊春蓉 张永祥 杨祁峰[3] 牛芬菊 张雷[4] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃省农牧厅,甘肃兰州730000 [4]榆中县农业技术推广中心,甘肃兰州730010

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2013年第2期226-229,共4页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专利计划(编号:1002NKA003)

摘　　要：试验通过全膜双垄沟播覆盖种植与不同玉米秸秆还田方式,研究对其土壤理化特性及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:采用全膜双垄沟播种植方式,经秸秆还田后耕层土壤养分含量变化表现为整株还田>秸秆粉碎>免耕留茬,秸秆还田后的土壤容重明显降低但免耕留茬一膜两年用后的土壤容重增大。秸秆还田对土壤水分与温度的影响,在玉米生育前期经秸秆还田后的土壤温度与水分均显著低于对照,在玉米生育后期秸秆腐解后对土壤水分起到一个补偿效应。就玉米产量变化而言,表现为全膜覆膜+整株秸秆还田>全膜覆膜+秸秆粉碎还田>全膜双垄沟播>免耕留茬一膜两年用>露地种植,玉米全膜双垄沟播较露地种植增产达到显著水平,玉米采用全膜双垄沟播种植结合秸秆还田技术的栽培模式较单一的全膜双垄沟播玉米产量有增产的趋势,免耕留茬一膜两年用有减产倾向但差异不显著。This test studied the influence of full coverage on double ridges with furrow planting and the different way of stalk returned to the field on soil physical and chemical characteristics and maize yield. The results showed that the maize under full coverage on double ridges with furrow planting, the straw returned after the soil nutrient contents of arable layer change the performance for the whole plant corn stalk returning 〉 the stalk smash to return field 〉 no-tillage with maize stubble; the soil bulk density was decreased significantly after the straw returned to the field, but no-tillage with maize stubble and one film be two years used to plant maize with soil bulk density was increased. When the straw returned to the field on the soil moisture and the temperature were significantly lower compared with control in the former stage of corn growth, in the late period of maize growth the straw decomposition on the soil moisture played an compensation effect. The change of corn production the performance for the full coverage on double ridges with furrow planting and whole plant straw returned 〉 the full coverage on double ridges with furrow planting and stalk smash to return field 〉 the full coverage on double ridges with furrow planting 〉 no-tillage with maize stubble and one film be two years used〉 the outdoor planting, the maize under full coverage on double ridges with furrow planting more than outdoor plant production reached significant level, compared with a single of the full coverage on double ridges with furrow planting, adopt the full coverage on double ridges with furrow planting technology combined with corn straw returned to technology that maize yield has a trend of increase, no-tillage stubble and a film with two years planting maize, yield has a trend of decreased but the difference between there was no significant.

关 键 词：全膜双垄沟播 秸秆还田 玉米 土壤理化特性 产量 

分 类 号：S341.9[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]