石羊河中下游流域植被的演替历史  

The Vegetation Evolution in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Shiyanghe River Basin,Gansu,China

作　　者：满多清[1] 刘世增[1] 魏振海[2] 刘虎俊[1] 李银科[1] 刘淑娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省治沙研究所甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2013年第2期613-618,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31060080);甘肃省科技项目--创新技术项目(090NKCA121)资助

摘　　要：以参考历史文献、实地调查和访问当地居民的方法,研究了石羊河中下游流域的植被演替。结果表明,该流域2000多年前为湖泊、沼泽和平原景观,后来由于气候和水文演化、人类活动加强和干旱加剧,导致湖泊与河流逐渐消失、绿洲因水系的变迁而向东南移动、早期的绿洲农田逐渐沙漠化,也使植被从水生、沼泽、草甸植物向沙旱生、强旱生、超旱生方向演替,物种大量消失,已演化成现在的沙漠、戈壁与绿洲景观。目前,该流域红崖山水库以南的一些河道中尚有常年流水,河漫滩和湿地中还有水生、沼泽、草甸和中生植物种类,物种相对丰富;而水库以北的古河床及广大荒漠区植被稀疏,且多为沙旱生和强旱生植物种类,生物多样性低,稳定性差,沙漠化过程加强。要恢复流域植被、遏制土地沙漠化,应当采用调水、引水和节约用水的方法,加强绿洲保护,使地下水位恢复至植物可吸收利用状态。We investigated the vegetation evolution in the middle-lower reaches of the Shiyanghe River Basin in Gansu, China, by surveying in field, interviewing the local residents, and reviewing the historical litera- ture. The results showed that, the landscape in the studied area were dominated by lakes and marshlands 2 000 years ago; Later, primarily due to the long term drying of the climate and the strengthening of human activity, the lakes and rivers disappeared gradually, the oasis moved south-eastwards following the change of the river channel; the farmland reclaimed early desertified or covered by desert; the dominant aquatic, marsh and mesophyte populations were replaced by sand xerophyte and super xerophytic species, and a lot of species disappeared; the present major landscape are desert, Gobi and oasis. There flows water all year round in Shiyanghe river in south of the Honyashan Reservoir. Some aquatic, marsh, mesophyte species live in the river beds and wetlands. The biodiversity is also good. In contrast, in the former river beds, there is no flowing water, only some sparse desert plants and xerophytes stand with low biodiversity. Desertification in the area north to the Honyashan Reservoir has been developing seriously. In order to prevent the local environment from continually deteriorating, water introduction from extra area, application of water-saving technology within the studied area, protection to the vegetation and under-ground water should be co-em- ployed.

关 键 词：石羊河中下游流域 气候变化 景观 植被演替 

分 类 号：Q948.5[生物学—植物学]