利用附加因素降低含圆孔矩形板的应力集中  

Minimization of stress concentration of rectangular plate with a circular hole by utilizing additional factors

作　　者：于政文[1] 宋世安[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学理学院,辽宁沈阳110004

出　　处：《机械设计》2013年第3期53-56,共4页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：国家863高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2006AA04Z408)

摘　　要：应力集中是机械工程中常见的问题,一般出现在构件形状急剧变化的地方,如缺口、孔洞、沟槽及有刚性约束处。对于常见的含孔板,利用附加因素降低板的应力集中是一种很好的方法。含一个圆孔的受拉薄板,若在拉伸方向靠近该孔附加一些圆孔,使之成为圆孔群,则对于降低应力集中是相当有效的。使用有限元法分别对附加圆孔半径、圆孔间距及圆孔数对含圆孔矩形薄板应力集中系数的影响进行了分析,并与光弹性实验结果进行了比较,两者基本一致。研究结果表明:在孔数一定时,对于不同的孔间距,存在不同的孔径比最佳值,使应力集中得到最有利的缓和。文中还给出最有利于降低应力集中的孔径和孔距条件。Stress concentration is a common problem in mechanical engineering that is usually produced in the parts with shape rapidly changing,such as gaps,holes,grooves and the places of rigid constraint.For the common hole contained sheet,the use of additional factors that reduce the stress concentration is a good way.If we subjoin a number of additional holes around the hole in the tensile direction to make a round holes group,then to reduce the stress concentration is quite effective.This paper respectively studies the effect of radius of additional hole,interval and number on the stress concentration factor of rectangular plate with a circular hole by finite element.The finite element results are good in agreement with experiment results.The results show that there exist different optimum values which can advantageously relax stress concentration for diverse intervals and fixed number of circular holes.The radius and interval of additional circular holes that propitious to relax stress concentration are also given in this paper.

关 键 词：应力集中 圆孔 薄板 有限元 弹性分析 

分 类 号：TH123.4[机械工程—机械设计及理论]